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Steatopygia is the state of having substantial levels of tissue on the buttocks and thighs leading to a protruding 90-degree angled appearance and accompanied by lordosis. This build is not confined to the gluteal regions, but extends to the outside and front of the , and tapers to the knee producing a curvilinear figure. The term is from the Ancient Greek (στέαρ), meaning "tallow", and (πυγή]]), meaning "rump". Steatopygia, a genetic phenotype leading to increased accumulation of adipose tissue in the buttock region, is most notably found among the Khoisan of Southern Africa. It has also been observed among Pygmies of Central Africa and also the Andamanese people, such as the Onge tribe in the Andaman Islands. Cave and shelter paintings show that the trait existed among European and North African populations during the Upper Paleolithic. This genetic characteristic is prevalent among women but occurs to a lesser degree in men. It has been suggested that this feature was once more widespread. Paleolithic Venus figurines, sometimes referred to as "Steatopygian Venus" figures, discovered from Europe to Asia presenting a remarkable development of the thighs, and even the elongated labia, have been used to support this theory. Whether these were intended to be lifelike, exaggeratory, or idealistic is unclear. These figures, however, may not qualify as steatopygian, since they exhibit an angle of approximately 120 degrees between the back and the buttocks, while steatopygia is typically described with an angle of about 90 degrees only. The dynamics of biomechanical movement will differ depending on the pelvic morphology by the same principle. The fascia anatomy of the sides of the sacral diamond area, which regulates its shape and movement, corresponds to the fascial thickenings that are part of the sacral complex of the thoracambular fascia, which surrounds the sacroiliac joints both posterioly and, from the iliolumbar ligaments anteriorly. The biochemical properties of the bands would have repercussions from the inside to the outside and vice-versa. The shape of the posterior muscular and adipose tissues seems to correspond with the general pelvic morphology. The classification is as follows: the gynecoid pelvis corresponds to a round buttocks shape, the platypelloid pelvis to a triangle shape, the anthropoid pelvis to a square shape and the android pelvis to a trapezoidal gluteus region. The trapezoidal shape is what gives steotopygia its specific shape and appearance; if anything, steatopygia is a trapezoidal figure from front, sideways and the back.
Steatopygia increases the risk of gigantomastia in females and gynecomastia in males. It is also associated with inflammation to the genital area causing larger labia minora and labia majora in females ("macronympha") and giving males a larger penis girth and length. Steotopygia gives an athletic pear shape and triangle figure. Also gives an infantile oval and round face to both females and males.
In Georgian England, freak shows were known to have exploited women with steatopygia. The most well-known example was a South African Khoekhoe woman named Sarah Baartman, who is thought to have had lipedema.
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