A spinthariscope ()
Invention
The spinthariscope was invented by
William Crookes in 1903.
While observing the apparently uniform
fluorescence on a
zinc sulfide screen created by the radioactive emissions (mostly
alpha radiation) of a sample of
radium bromide, he spilled some of the sample, and, owing to its extreme rarity and cost, he was eager to find and recover it.
Upon inspecting the zinc sulfide screen under a
microscope, he noticed separate flashes of light created by individual
alpha particle collisions with the screen. Crookes took his discovery a step further and invented a device specifically intended to view these scintillations. It consisted of a small screen coated with zinc sulfide affixed to the end of a tube, with a tiny amount of
radium salt suspended a short distance from the screen and a lens on the other end of the tube for viewing the screen. Crookes named his device from () "spark".
Crookes debuted the spinthariscope at a meeting of the Royal Society, London on 15 May 1903.
Toy spinthariscopes
Spinthariscopes were quickly replaced with more accurate and quantitative devices for measuring radiation in scientific experiments, but enjoyed a modest revival in the mid 20th century as children's educational toys.
In 1947, Kix cereal offered a
Lone Ranger atomic bomb ring that contained a small one, in exchange for a box top and US$0.15 ().
[Reif, Rita. "ARTS/ARTIFACTS; Trivia Long Ago, Serious Treasures Now". The New York Times. 11 June 1995.] Spinthariscopes can still be bought today as instructional novelties, but they now use
americium or
thorium. Looking into a properly focused toy spinthariscope, one can see many flashes of light spread randomly across the screen. Almost all are circular, with a very bright pinpoint centre surrounded by a dimmer circle of emission.
In museums
The American History Museum of the Smithsonian has several spinthariscopes in its collections, and an article discussing them.
However, none are currently on display.
External links
