Slovak names consist of a given name and surname. Slovakia uses the Western name order with the given name being listed before surname. However, there is a historical tradition to reverse this order, especially in official contexts including administrative papers and legal documents, as well as on gravestones and memorials.
Most Slovaks do not have a middle name. The family name forms for males and females are distinct in Slovakia, making it possible to identify gender from the name alone. As of 2003 there were 185,288 different family names in use among 5.4 million Slovaks, or one family name for every 29 citizens. There is an estimated 90,000 lineages in Slovakia.
Given names
Given name in
Slovakia are called
baptismal names () despite being completely different from the Christian
Baptismal name. Proper baptismal names given during
infant baptism are still common in the countryside, yet they are only seldom used within the official name (if they are, they form the person's middle name). Generally, names in Slovakia can be of several distinct origins:
-
Slavic names of pre-Christian origin (e.g. Dobromil)
-
often inspired by Saint (e.g. Vojtech)
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Names of past kings and rulers (e.g. Ladislav)
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Modern names (e.g. Lukas)
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Names of ethnic minorities living in Slovakia (e.g. Béla)
+ Most common given names in Slovakia (as of 2010) |
|
| Jozef | 175,593 | Mária | 225,471 |
| Ján | 174,949 | Anna | 161,812 |
| Peter | 158,593 | Zuzana | 88,276 |
| Martin | 87,283 | Katarína | 88,001 |
| Štefan | 80,647 | Eva | 85,952 |
| Milan | 78,781 | Jana | 85,518 |
| Michal | 78,548 | Helena | 66,898 |
| Miroslav | 78,093 | Monika | 48,667 |
| Tomáš | 59,653 | Marta | 47,586 |
| Ladislav | 58,927 | Martina | 44,738 |
|
Surnames
Surnames differ according to gender. Normally, the feminine form is created by adding suffix "ová" to the masculine form (e.g. Bača would be Bačová). If the surname is derived from adjectives, the
ý suffix is replaced with
á. Because Slovakia also has people with Hungarian, German, and other ancestors, some surnames in Slovakia will follow the convention of those languages and not conform to these norms.
Some popular surnames include:
-
Derived from profession:
-
Kováč – Smith
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Mlynár – Miller
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Bača – shepherd
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Rybár – fisher
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Kráľ – king
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Pekár – baker
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Kuchár – cook
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Mäsiar – butcher
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Holič – barber
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Maliar – painter
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Kľúčiar – key maker
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Mečiar – sword maker
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Sklenár – glassmaker.
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Derived from adjectives:
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Čierny – black
-
Biely – white
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Suchý – dry
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Mokrý – wet
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Slaný – salty
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Smutný – sad
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Šťastný – happy/lucky
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Malý – small
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Široký – wide
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Tichý – quiet
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Surový – raw
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Others:
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Koreň – root
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Chren – horseradish
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Repa – beet
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Slanina – bacon
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Polievka – soup
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Cibuľka – little onion
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Malina – raspberry
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Dobrovodský – good water
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Holub – pigeon
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Chrobák – beetle
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Komár – mosquito
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Medvedík – little bear
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Koleno – knee
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Mráz – frost
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Okienka – little window
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Otčenáš – our father
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Bezdeda – without a grandpa
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Dolina – valley
-
Kocur – tomcat
See also
External links
