The scaldfishes comprise a genus, Arnoglossus, of . They are found in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, including the Mediterranean and Black Sea. They are entirely absent from most of the Americas; the only exceptions are A. coeruleosticta and A. multirastris found off Chile. The genus include both species found in shallow and deeper water. The largest species reaches .[ in length.]
Species
The 37 currently recognized species are:
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Arnoglossus andrewsi Kurth, 1954
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Arnoglossus arabicus Norman, 1939 (Arabian flounder)
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Arnoglossus armstrongi E. O. G. Scott, 1975
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Arnoglossus aspilos (Pieter Bleeker, 1851) (spotless lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus bassensis Norman, 1926 (Bass Strait flounder)
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Arnoglossus boops (James Hector, 1875)
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Arnoglossus brunneus (Fowler, 1934) (brown lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus capensis Boulenger, 1898 (Cape scaldfish)
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Arnoglossus coeruleosticta (Steindachner, 1898)
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Arnoglossus dalgleishi (von Bonde, 1922) (east coast flounder)
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Arnoglossus debilis (C. H. Gilbert, 1905) (weak lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus elongatus M. C. W. Weber, 1913 (long lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus fisoni J. D. Ogilby, 1898 (Fison's lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus grohmanni (Bonaparte, 1837)
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Arnoglossus imperialis (Rafinesque, 1810) (imperial scaldfish)
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Arnoglossus japonicus C. L. Hubbs, 1915 (Japanese lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus kessleri P. J. Schmidt, 1915 (scaldback)
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Arnoglossus kotthausi Klausewitz & Schneider, 1986
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Arnoglossus laterna (Walbaum, 1792) (Mediterranean scaldfish)
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Arnoglossus macrolophus Alcock, 1889 (large-crested lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus marisrubri Klausewitz & M. Schneider, 1986
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Arnoglossus micrommatus Kunio Amaoka, Masahito Arai & M. F. Gomon, 1997
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Arnoglossus muelleri (Klunzinger, 1872) (Müller's flounder)
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Arnoglossus multirastris Parin, 1983
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Arnoglossus nigrifrons Kunio Amaoka & Eiji Mihara, 2000
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Arnoglossus nigrofilamentosus Fricke, Golani & Appelbaum-Golani, 2017 (Filamentous flounder)
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Arnoglossus oxyrhynchus Amaoka, 1969 (sharp-snout lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus polyspilus (Günther, 1880) (many-spotted lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus rueppelii (Anastasio Cocco, 1844) (Rüppell's scaldback)
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Arnoglossus sayaensis Amaoka & Hisashi Imamura, 1990
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Arnoglossus scapha (J. R. Forster, 1801)
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Arnoglossus septemventralis Amaoka & Eiji Mihara, 2000
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Arnoglossus tapeinosoma (Pieter Bleeker, 1865) (drab flounder)
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Arnoglossus tenuis Günther, 1880 (dwarf lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus thori Kyle, 1913 (Thor's scaldfish)
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Arnoglossus waitei Norman, 1926 (Waite's lefteye flounder)
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Arnoglossus yamanakai Atsushi Fukui, Umeyoshi Yamada & Takakazu Ozawa, 1988
The following fossil species are also known:
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† Arnoglossus bassanianus (Kramberger, 1883) (Middle Miocene of Croatia and Kazakhstan)
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† Arnoglossus dispar Schwarzhans et al., 2024 (middle Miocene of Ukraine)
† Arnoglossus distinctus Svichenskaya, 1981 (early Miocene of North Caucasus, Russia)
