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Saltern

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A saltern is an area or installation for making . Salterns include modern salt-making works ( saltworks), as well as waters that usually contain high concentrations of , primarily but also other halophiles including algae and bacteria.

Salterns usually begin with seawater as the initial source of but may also use natural saltwater springs and streams. The water is evaporated, usually over a series of ponds, to the point where and other salts precipitate out of the saturated brine, allowing pure salts to be harvested. Where complete evaporation in this fashion was not routinely achievable due to weather, salt was produced from the concentrated brine by boiling the brine.


Background
Earliest examples of pans used in the solution mining of salt date back to times and the pans were made of ceramics known as . Later examples were made from and then . The change from lead to iron coincided with a change from wood to coal for the purpose of heating the brine. Brine would be pumped into the pans, and concentrated by the heat of the fire burning underneath. As crystals of salt formed these would be raked out and more brine added. In warmer climates no additional heat would be supplied, the sun's heat being sufficient to evaporate off the brine.

One of the earliest salterns for the harvesting of salt is argued to have taken place on , , China by 6000 BC. Strong archaeological evidence of salt making dating to 2000 BC is found in the ruins of Zhongba at .


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