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Rasm ( ) is an Arabic writing script often used in the early centuries of Classical Arabic literature (7th centuryearly 11th century AD). It is the same as today's Arabic script except for the difference that the Arabic diacritics are omitted. These diacritics include consonant pointing or (إِعْجَام), and supplementary diacritics or (تَشْكِيل). The latter include the (حَرَكَات) short vowel marks—singular: (حَرَكَة). As an example, in rasm, the two distinct letters ص ض are indistinguishable because is omitted, or letters similar in shape ک ك may also become indistinguishable if the diacritics are omitted. Rasm is also known as Arabic skeleton script. This concept is somewhat similar to scriptio continua in the Latin script, where all spaces and other punctuations is omitted. The rasm form was common for writing Arabic until the early 2nd millennium.
Rasm means 'drawing', 'outline', or 'pattern' in Arabic. When speaking of the Qur'an, it stands for the basic text made of the 18 letters without the Arabic diacritics which mark vowels ( ) and disambiguate consonants ().
| ʾalif | U+0627 | ||||||||
| Bāʾ | U+066E | ||||||||
| Tāʾ | |||||||||
| Ṯāʾ | |||||||||
| Nūn | U+06BA | ||||||||
| Yāʾ | U+0649 | ||||||||
| Alif maqsura | |||||||||
| Ǧīm | U+062D | ||||||||
| Ḥāʾ | |||||||||
| Ḫāʾ | |||||||||
| Dāl | U+062F | ||||||||
| Ḏāl | |||||||||
| Rāʾ | U+0631 | ||||||||
| Zāy | |||||||||
| Sīn | U+0633 | ||||||||
| Šīn | |||||||||
| Ṣād | U+0635 | ||||||||
| Ḍād | |||||||||
| Ṭāʾ | U+0637 | ||||||||
| Ẓāʾ | |||||||||
| ʿayn | U+0639 | ||||||||
| Ghayn | |||||||||
| Fāʾ | U+06A1 | ||||||||
| Fāʾ (Maghrib) | |||||||||
| Qāf | U+066F | ||||||||
| Qāf (Maghrib) | |||||||||
| Kāf | U+06A9 | ||||||||
| Lām | U+0644 | ||||||||
| Mīm | U+0645 | ||||||||
| Hāʾ | U+0647 | ||||||||
| Tāʾ marbūṭah | |||||||||
| Wāw | U+0648 | ||||||||
| Hamzah | (None) | ||||||||
At the time when the was optional, letters deliberately lacking the points of : , , , , , , , , — could be marked with a small v-shaped sign above or below the letter, or a semicircle, or a miniature of the letter itself (e.g. a small to indicate that the letter in question is and not ), or one or several subscript dots, or a superscript hamza, or a superscript stroke. These signs, collectively known as , are still occasionally used in modern Arabic calligraphy, either for their original purpose (i.e. marking letters without ), or often as purely decorative space-fillers. The small above the kāf in its final and isolated forms was originally , but became a permanent part of the letter. Previously this sign could also appear above the medial form of kāf, instead of the stroke on its ascender.
The following is an example of rasm from Surah Al-A'raf (7), Ayah 86 and 87, in the Samarkand Qur'an, and its digital equivalent rasm, rasm with normal spacing, and then fully vocalized with all diacretics:
| ا لله مں ا مں ٮه و ٮٮعو | الله مں امں ٮه وٮٮعو | ٱللَّٰهِ مَنْ آمَنَ بِهِ وَتَبْغُو |
| ٮها عو حا و ا د | ٮها عوحا واد | نَهَا عِوَجًا وَٱذْ |
| کر و ا ا د کٮٮم | کروا اد کٮٮم | كُرُوا۟ إِذْ كُنْتُمْ |
| ڡلٮلا ڡکٮر کم | ڡلٮلا ڡکٮرکم | قَلِيلًا فَكَثَّرَكُمْ |
| و ا ٮطر وا کٮڡ | واٮطروا کٮڡ | وَٱنْظُرُوا۟ كَيْفَ |
| کا ں عڡٮه ا لمڡسد | کاں عڡٮه المڡسد | كَانَ عَٰقِبَةُ الْمُفْسِدِ |
| ٮں و ا ں کا ں طا | ٮں واں کاں طا | ينَ وَإِنْ كَانَ طَا |
| ٮڡه مٮکم ا مٮو ا | ٮڡه مٮکم امٮوا | ئِفَةٌ مِنْكُمْ آمَنُوا۟ |
| ٮالد ى ا ر سلٮ | ٮالدى ارسلٮ | بِٱلَّذِي أُرْسِلْتُ |
| ٮه و طا ٮڡه لم ٮو | ٮه وطاٮڡه لم ٮو | بِهِ وَطَائِفَةٌ لَمْ يُؤْ |
| مٮو ا ڡا صٮر و ا | مٮوا ڡاصٮروا | مِنُوا۟ فَٱصْبِرُوا۟ |
| حٮى ٮحکم ا لله ٮٮٮٮا | حٮى ٮحکم الله ٮٮٮٮا | حَتَّىٰ يَحْكُمَ ٱللَّٰهُ بَيْنَنَا |
| Rasm | الاٮحدىه العرٮىه |
| Short vowel diacritics omitted. This is the style used for most modern secular documents. | الأبجدية العربية |
| All diacritics. This style is used to show pronunciation unambiguously in dictionaries and modern Qurans. () is only used in Classical Arabic. | ٱلْأَبْجَدِيَّة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة |
| Transliteration and IPA | |
Compare the Basmala (), the beginning verse of the with all diacritics and with the rasm only. Note that when rasm is written with spaces, spaces do not only occur between words. Within a word, spaces also appear between adjacent letters that are not connected, and this type of rasm is old and not used lately.
The sentence may not display correctly in some fonts. It appears as it should if the full Arabic character set from the [[Arial font]] is installed; or one of the SIL International fonts [[Scheherazade|Scheherazade New]] or Lateef; or [[Katibeh]].
| In the name of God, the All-Merciful, the Especially-Merciful. |
| I seek refuge in God from the pelted Satan. |
| I seek refuge in God, the All-Hearing, the All-Knowing, from the pelted Satan. |
| Peace be upon you. |
| Peace be upon you, as well as the mercy of God and His blessings. |
| Glorified is God. |
| All praise is due to God. |
| There is no deity but God. |
| God is greater than. |
| I seek the forgiveness of God. |
| I seek the forgiveness of God and repent to Him. |
| Glorified are you, O God. |
| Glorified is God and by His praise. |
| Glorified is my God, the Great, and by His praise. |
| Glorified is my God, the Most High, and by His praise. |
| There is no power no strength except from God, the Exalted, the Great. |
| There is no god except You, glorified are you! I have indeed been among the wrongdoers. |
| God is sufficient for us, and He is an excellent Trustee. |
| Verily we belong to God, and verily to Him do we return. |
| What God wills will be, and what God does not will, will not be. |
| If God wills. |
| What God wills. |
| By the permission of God. |
| God reward you with goodness. |
| God bless you. |
| On the path of God. |
| There is no deity but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God. |
| There is no deity but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God, Ali is the vicegerent of God. |
| I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God. |
| I bear witness that there is no deity but God, and I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of God, and I bear witness that Ali is the vicegerent of God. |
| O God, bless Muhammad and the Ahl al-Bayt. |
| O God, bless Muhammad and the Progeny of Muhammad, and hasten their alleviation and curse their enemies. |
| O God, hasten the alleviation of your vicegerent (i.e. Imam Mahdi), and grant him vitality and victory. |
| There is no sword but the Zulfiqar, and there is no youth but Ali. |
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