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Qianliyan is a Chinese sea god and door god. He usually appears with Shunfeng'er as a guardian of the temples of the sea goddess Mazu.
Under the Ming dynasty, Qianliyan was also known as LiLou.
Qianliyan next appeared as a lieutenant of the Huaguang Dadi Huáguāng Dàdì) in Yu Xiangdou's Journey to the South and as a character in Xu Zhonglin's Creation of the Gods. He was confused with the door god Shenshu Shēnshū) and, particularly, gradually conflated with the earlier sea god Zhaobao Qilang Zhāobǎo Qīláng) as he was supplanted by the cult of Lin Moniang.
Qianliyan is most often portrayed as a Chinese demon defeated and tamed or befriended by the sea goddess Mazu. By one account, he and Shunfeng'er appeared off Meizhou Island during a storm and were defeated by Mazu's magical silk scarf, which blew clouds of sand into their eyes and ears. After their submission, they pledged their loyalty when she kindly healed them of the damage she had caused them.. In another, the two were Song generals who competed for her hand at Peach Blossom Mountain Táohuā Shān) but were both defeated by her kung fu.. In another, the two were the brothers Gao Ming and Gao Jue. Ruthless generals, they fell at Peach Blossom Mountain and subsequently haunted it as demons. They appeared to Mazu when she traveled nearby and challenged her to battle, with the loser to do the winner's bidding. They intended to have her marry them both but were defeated by her magic and became her servants.. In still another, the Gao brothers were bandits during the Shang dynasty before they began to haunt the mountain..
In still another account, the pair were originally warriors or guards of King Zhou of Shang. In this version of the story, they are sometimes said to have already possessed their superhuman powers and to have used them to foil the first moves towards rebellion by the Zhou Empire. Ji Fa's advisor Jiang Ziya is made out to have been a Taoist adept, however, who uses the esoteric knowledge he received from the Yuanshi Tianzun on to defeat them. Their powers fail them when he covers them in the blood of a black dog and Ji Fa is able to triumph at Muye and finally establish himself as the Martial King of Zhou ("King Wu").
Religion stories
Qianliyan's sharp vision is employed to help protect sailors at night and during fog and other inclement weather. In some accounts, he is capable of seeing everything in the world..
Legacy
Worship
Qianliyan most often appears as a door god at Mazuist temples or as a guardian beside Mazu at her altars or on her yellow paper charms. He is separately worshipped in some villages and by mariners for assistance avoiding danger. During the 8-day, annual pilgrimages from Dajia to Chaotian Temple, Mazu's idol is accompanied by figures of Qianliyan and Shunfeng'er played by masked men on stilts..
In art
Qianliyan typically appears as a green-skinned demon shielding his eyes from the sun's glare. This was not his original position: The Southern Song statue mentioned above and another in the Nanhai Longwang Temple Nánhǎi Lóngwáng Miào) in eastern Guangzhou in Guangdong give him third eye but do not have either of his hands raised to his brow. He apparently picked up the pose from the earlier Zhaobao Qilang as that god's followers came to worship Mazu. Qianliyan also occasionally appears with three heads and six arms. He usually appears to the right of his companion Shunfeng'er. He sometimes appears as the red demon, in which case he usually has two horns and yellow sapphire eyes.
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