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Praporshchik (, , ) is a rank used by the Russian Armed Forces and a number of former communist states. The rank is a non-commissioned officer's and is equivalent to Michman in the corresponding navies. It is usually equivalent to warrant officer class 1 or sergeant major in English-speaking armies. Within NATO forces, the rank is rated as OR-7 or OR-8.
By the 19th century, the rank was given to senior non-commissioned officers of the Russian army upon their retirement, and also to reserve or Volunteering officers with no previous service. From then on, commissioned officers started service as Podporuchik.
In spite of this, podpraporshchik ("sub-ensign") was one of the non-commissioned officer (NCO) grades, originally below sergeant and Feldwebel. From 1826 to 1884 it became the highest non-commissioned rank of the infantry, cavalry and the Leib Guard. From 1884 podpraporshchik ranked below the newly introduced NCO grade zauryad praporshchik ("deputy ensign").
The rank was abolished in 1917 by the Bolsheviks. In the White Army, the rank was redundant, although newly enrolled bearers of this rank could have it for a few month before being promoted to podporuchik; by 1919, the rank was no longer in use.
See further commentary on the rank at Carey Schofield, Inside the Soviet Army, Headline Book Publishing, 1991, where long-service praporshchiks' scrounging and repair skills were celebrated.
| + Shoulder boards USSR and Russian Federation (1971−1994) | ||||||||
| Praporshchik (1971–1994) | Starshy praporshchik (1981–1994) | Praporshchik (1971–1994) | Starshy praporshchik (1981–1994) | Praporshchik (1971–1994) | Starshy praporshchik (1981–1994) | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik |
Carey Schofield's Inside the Soviet Army c. 1990 provides a good description of the place of the praporshchik within the Soviet military system.
Modern Russian praporshchiks and michmans represent a separate category of military personnel. According to their official position, duties and rights, they occupy a position close to junior officers, being the officers' closest assistants, as well as supervisors for the soldiers (sailors) and sergeants (petty officers) of their units.
Since the beginning of 2009, a phased liquidation of the institution of praporshchiks and michmans started in the Russian Armed Forces. It was assumed that the praporshchiks will be replaced by professional contract sergeants, the federal target program for the training of which has already been approved.
“The institute of praporshchiks, which numbered 142 thousand people, has been liquidated in the army,” General of the Army Nikolai Makarov, Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, assured. “We had 142 thousand praporshchiks. As of December 1, 2009, not a single one was left. " Approximately 20 thousand praporshchiks who were in command positions were appointed, the rest were discharged from service or transferred to NCO positions.
According to the assumption, since January–March December 2010 no new praporshchiks or senior praporshchiks were appointed, but the service members who had these ranks were allowed to serve out the remainder of their contracts, retaining their ranks and rank insignia.
At the same time, the abolition of the institute of praporshchiks did not affect the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Border Service, the FSB, the FSO, the Ministry of Emergency Situations and other military formations other than the Ministry of Defense of Russia; in addition, there is a special rank of praporshchik in law enforcement agencies.
On February 27, 2013, at an expanded collegium of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Minister of Defense of Russia S.K.Shoigu announced the return of the institute of praporshchiks and michmans to the Russian Armed Forces.
The Ministry of Defense introduced a new staffing table on July 1, in which, for the first time in five years, special positions for praporshchiks and michmans appeared. According to Colonel-General Viktor Goremykin, head of the Main Personnel Directorate (GUK) of the Ministry of Defense, about 100 positions have been allocated for praporshchiks and michmans, including only combat ones - “no warehouses, no bases” was the main requirement of Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu. These positions are generally subdivided into command (service platoon commander, commander of a combat group, combat vehicle, combat post) and technical (company technician, head of a radio station, electrician, paramedic, head of a repair shop, head of a technical unit, etc.). From December 1, 2008, these were considered NCO positions. State Secretary of the Ministry of Defense Nikolai Pankov said that the posts of praporshchiks and michmans require special education, but not at the level required of the commissioned officers.
| + Shoulder boards Russian Federation (1994–present) | ||||||||
| Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | |
| Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik | Starshy praporshchik | Praporshchik |
Armenia-Army-OR-9a.svg|ԵՆԹԱՍՊԱ
Yent’aspa
(Armenian Ground Forces)
OR-8 AZE ARMY.svg|Gizir
(Azerbaijani Land Forces)
Russia-Army-OR-9a-1994-field.svg|Прапаршчык
Praparščyk
(Belarusian Ground Forces)
CzArmy2011 OR7-Praporčík_shoulder.svg|Praporčík
(Czech Land Forces)
blank.svg|Прапорщик
Praporsçik
(Kyrgyz Army)
Russia-Army-OR-9a-2010.svg|Пра́порщик
Práporshchik
(Russian Ground Forces)
08-Slovenian Army-FSG.svg|Praporščak
(Slovenian Ground Force)
Tajikistan-Army-OR-9a.png|Прапоршик
Praporshik
(Tajik Ground Forces)
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