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A podpolkovnik () is a military rank in Slavic peoples and nearby countries which corresponds to the lieutenant colonel in the English-speaking states and military.
In different languages the exact name of this rank maintains a variety of spellings. The transliteration is also in common usage for the sake of tradition dating back to the Old Slavonic word "polk" (literally: regiment sized unit), and include the following names in alphabetical order:
In the Streltsy formations, as a general role, the podpolkovnik was responsible for all administrative tasks and functions. Normally it was of nobility or boyar origin.
From the 17th - to early 17th century, there was a Military rank and an appointment under the designation polupolkovnik (polʊpɐlˈkovnʲɪk). Beyond its normal responsibilities, he was in charge to command the second half of the regiment, the rear -, reserve -, and other regular units (until the introduction of the battalion structure).
In 1884, as the mayor rank in the Russian army was suppressed, all mayors, by exemption of retirement, loss of civil rights, or mercilessly, were converted to podpolkovnik. From this moment, the rank podpolkovnik was equivalent to the rank armed forces' starshina (, ). Before 1884, the armed forces' starshina was adequate to mayor. In line to this reform, the shoulder board rank insignia had been changed from two big stars to three smaller ones.
To the formations of the so-called leyb-guard (lʲejb ˈɡvardʲɪjə), the rank podpolkovnik had not been introduced. Normally, kapitan officers might have been promoted to polkovnik immediately, by skipping the ranks major and podpolkovnik.
In the Imperial Russian Navy, the rank Kapitan 2nd rank was equivalent to podpolkovnik, in the civil administration it was corresponding to privy councillor (nɐˈdvornɨj sɐˈvʲetʲnʲɪk). The rank podpolkovnik was abolished 16 December 1917, together with all previous ranks and rank insignia of the former Russian imperial army.
In the white voluntary army, the rank was in the period from December 1917 to November 1918. Then it was abolished as well, and harmonized to the Kapitan ranks of the guard and other officers of the other formations. However, in the Russian army of general Pyotr Nikolayevich Wrangel the podpolkovnik rank was reestablished in April 1920.
By foundation of the Soviet Union, the rank designation and rank insignia of the Imperial Russian Army were suppressed. An equivalent rank to podpolkovnik was created in 1924, by the introduction of the so-called status category 8 rank – (; pɐˈmoʂnʲɪk kəmɐnʲˈdʲirə pɐlˈka i jɪˈmu ˈravnɨje). However, this was overtaken by the introduction of individual ranks in 1935.Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 22, 1935, on introduction of individual military rank designation to commanding personnel of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
Podpolkovnik as a military rank was reintroduced on September 1, 1939, by disposal of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union (from September 2, 1939), and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR No. 2690 (article 41, pertaining the law of universal compulsory military service), published by the order No. 226 of the People's Commissar of Defence (from July 26, 1940). Decree of the Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union and the Council of People's Commissars, from September 2, 1939, on introduction of the rank/ rank designation Podpolkovnik in the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army.
The Red Army used this rank together with a number of other former Russian ranks, and it has been used in many ex-USSR countries, including Russia, to the present day.
By the first promotion to that particular rank the hitherto (old) polkovnik collar distinction insignia with three parallel bars had to be used. The new polkovnik rank was from now on characterized by four bars. This insignia had to be worn until the introduction of shoulder boards, and were finally replaced in 1943.
In the Soviet navy, the rank kapitan 2nd rank was equivalent to podpolkovnik. In the civil administration it was corresponding to privy councillor (). The rank podpolkovnik was abolished 16 December 1917, together with all previous ranks and rank insignia of the former Russian imperial army. In the military political organization, it was equivalent to starshy battalion commissar (3=ˈstarʂɨj bətɐˈlʲjɵnːɨj kəmʲɪˈsar), another corresponding rank designation was Specialist 1st rank (pertaining to: military engineers, surgeons, commissionaires, veterinary surgeons, and legal personnel).
Personnel serving in the executive of the Russian Federation might be specified by rank designation as follows.
Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Падпалкоўнік
Padpalkoŭnik
(Belarusian Ground Forces)
Rank insignia of Подполковник of the Bulgarian Army.png|Подполковник
Podpolkovnik
(Bulgarian Land Forces)
CzArmy 2011 OF4-Podplukovnik shoulder.svg|Podplukovník
(Czech Land Forces)
15-RKGF-LTC.svg|Подполковник
Podpolkovnïk
(Kazakh Ground Forces)
12.Kyrgyzstan Army-LTC.svg|Подполковник
Podpolkovnik
(Kyrgyz Army)
File:North-Macedonia-Army-OF-4.svg|Потполковник
Potpolkovnik
(North Macedonia Ground Forces)
14-Montenegro Army-LTC.svg| Potpukovnik
(Montenegrin Ground Army)
Army-POL-OF-04.svg|Podpułkownik
(Polish Land Forces)
Russia-Army-OF-4-2010.svg|Подполко́вник
Podpolkóvnik
(Russian Ground Forces)
13-Serbian Army-LTC.svg|Потпуковник
Potpukovnik
(Serbian Army)
Army-SVK-OF-04.svg|Podplukovník
(Slovak Ground Forces)
16-Slovenian Army-LTC.svg|Podpolkovnik
(Slovenian Ground Force)
Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Подполковник
Podpolkovnik
(Tajik National Army)
Post-Soviet-Army-OF-4.svg|Podpolkownik
(Turkmen Ground Forces)
UA shoulder mark 16.svg|Підполковник
Pidpolkovnyk
(Ukrainian Ground Forces)
Uzbekistan-army-OF-4.svg|Podpolkovnik
(Uzbek Ground Forces)
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