Pewter

 ( Fusible Alloys ) 

Pewter () is a Ductility metal alloy consisting of tin (85–99%), antimony (approximately 5–10%), copper (2%), bismuth, and sometimes silver. In the past, it was an alloy of tin and lead, but most modern pewter, in order to prevent lead poisoning, is not made with lead. Pewter has a low melting point, around , depending on the exact mixture of metals. The word pewter is possibly a variation of "spelter", a term for zinc alloys (originally a colloquial name for zinc).

---

History Pewter was first used around the beginning of the Bronze Age in the Near East. The earliest known piece of pewter was found in an Ancient Egypt tomb, , but it is unlikely that this was the first use of the material. Pewter was used for decorative metal items and tableware in ancient times by the Egyptians and later the Romans, and came into extensive use in Europe from the Middle Ages What is pewter? – The Pewter Society until the various developments in pottery and glass-making during the 18th and 19th centuries. Pewter was a leading material for producing plates, cups, and bowls before the wide adoption of porcelain. Mass production of pottery, porcelain and glass products have almost universally replaced pewter in daily life, although pewter artifacts continue to be produced, mainly as decorative or specialty items. Pewter was also used around East Asia. Although some items still exist, ancient Roman pewter is rare.

Lidless mugs and lidded may be the most familiar pewter artifacts from the late 17th and 18th centuries, although the metal was also used for many other items including (shallow bowls), plates, dishes, basins, spoons, measures, flagons, communion cups, teapots, sugar bowls, (tankards), and cream jugs. In the early 19th century, changes in fashion caused a decline in the use of pewter flatware. At the same time, production increased of both cast and spun pewter tea sets, whale-oil lamps, candlesticks, and so on. Later in the century, pewter alloys were often used as a base metal for electroplating objects.

In the late 19th century, pewter came back into fashion with the revival of medieval objects for decoration. New replicas of medieval pewter objects were created, and collected for decoration. Today, pewter is used in decorative objects, mainly collectible statuettes and figurines, game figures, aircraft and other models, (replica) coins, pendants, plated jewellery and so on. Certain athletic contests, such as the United States Figure Skating Championships, award pewter medals to fourth-place finishers.

File:Pewter Ring.jpg|Pewter ring File:Pewterplate exb.jpg|Pewter plate File:Pewter vase.jpg|Pewter vase File:Pewter Cream Pitcher.jpg|alt=An ornate pewter cream pitcher|Pewter cream pitcher

---

Types In antiquity, pewter was tin alloyed with lead and sometimes also copper. Older pewters with higher lead content are heavier, tarnish faster, and their Redox has a darker, silver-gray color. Pewters containing lead are no longer used in items that will come in contact with the human body (such as cups, plates, or jewelry), due to Lead poisoning. Modern pewters are available that are completely free of lead, although many pewters containing lead are still being produced for other purposes.

A typical European casting alloy contains 94% tin, 1% copper and 5% antimony. A European pewter sheet would contain 92% tin, 2% copper, and 6% antimony. Asian pewter, produced mostly in Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand, contains a higher percentage of tin, usually 97.5% tin, 1% copper, and 1.5% antimony. This makes the alloy slightly softer.

The term Mexican pewter is used for any of various alloys of aluminium that are used for decorative items.

Pewter is also used to imitate platinum in costume jewelry.

---

Properties Pewter, being a softer material, can be manipulated in various ways such as being cast, hammered, Lathe, Metal spinning and Engraving.

Given that pewter is soft at room temperature, a pewter bell does not ring clearly. Cooling it in liquid nitrogen hardens it and enables it to ring, but also makes it more brittle.

---

See also

• Britannia metal
• English pewter
• Spin casting
• Solder
• Royal Selangor (one of the largest manufacturer of pewter products)

---

Notes

---

External links

• PewterBank

Post Comment