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Parioli () is the 2nd quartiere of Rome, identified by the initials Q. II.
The toponym is also used to indicate the urbanistic area 2B of the Municipio Roma II.
The name comes from Monti Parioli, a series of tufa hills, and was given to the area before its incorporation into the city proper at the beginning of the 20th century. Some suggest that the name stems from peraioli ("pear harvesters"), as it was once the site of pear orchards.
Parioli began as an upper-class district in the first years of 20th century, with the construction of Viale Parioli, sponsored by two major landowners of the area, Filonardi and Giorgi. In their project, the new thoroughfare is conceived as a "city promenade", a tree-lined street with a lateral riding track and flanked by elegant houses. Viale Parioli was then extended up to Viale Liegi, and two more boulevards were built, Viale Tiziano and Viale Jozef Pilsudski: however, the construction of new buildings turned out to be quite difficult, because of the peculiar orography of the area, and following to the crash of some development companies new constructions were put on hiatus.
According to the development plan drafted by engineer Edmondo Sanjust di Teulada in 1909, only detached houses and cottages with vast gardens were intended to rise up in the future urbanization, but in 1922 a specific regulation defined apartment houses without garden as the building archetype for the borough.
During the Fascist regime, Parioli was the residence of many high-ranking party and state functionaries. Urbanization was completed in the 1950s, and today, Parioli is known as Rome's most elegant residential area. A number of foreign embassies are located there.
The area extends approximately from Via Salaria and the end of Viale Regina Margherita, to the slope descending towards the Tiber and the Museum of Modern Art, in the Viale delle Belle Arti. The other two sides are approximately delineated by Villa Borghese and Villa Ada. In 19th century, Viale Regina Margherita was a tree-lined avenue that led from the neighborhood of the San Lorenzo district to the fields of Monti Parioli.
The territory of the quarter includes the urban zones 2A Villaggio Olimpico and 2B Parioli.
To the east, Parioli borders with Quartiere Trieste (Q. XVII), the boundary being marked by Via Salaria, between Ponte Salario and Viale Liegi.
Southward, it borders with Quartiere Salario (Q. IV), whose border is marked by Viale Liegi and with Quartiere Pinciano (Q. III): it is separated from Parioli by Viale dei Parioli and by Viale Jozef Pilsudski, all the way to Via Flaminia.
Westward, the quartiere borders with Quartiere Flaminio (Q. I), the boundary being the stretch of Via Flaminia between Viale Jozef Pilsudski and Piazza Ercole Consalvi.
Other roads and squares of the district are chiefly named after nations and cities. Odonyms of Parioli can be categorized as follows:
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