An outrigger is a projecting structure on a boat, with specific meaning depending on types of vessel. Outriggers may also refer to legs on a wheeled vehicle that are folded out when it needs stabilization, for example on a crane that lifts heavy loads.
Powered vessels and sailboats
An outrigger describes any contraposing float
rigging beyond the side (
gunwale) of a boat to improve the vessel's stability. If a single outrigger is used it is usually but not always
windward.
[ Early Ships and Seafaring: Water Transport Beyond Europe; Sean McGrail; Glossary] The technology was originally developed by the Austronesian people. There are two main types of boats with outriggers: double outriggers (prevalent in maritime Southeast Asia) and single outriggers (prevalent in
Madagascar,
Melanesia,
Micronesia and
Polynesia).
Multihull ships are also derived from outrigger boats.
In an outrigger canoe and in sailboats such as the proa, an outrigger is a thin, long, solid, hull used to stabilise an inherently unstable main hull. The outrigger is positioned rigidly and parallel to the main hull so that the main hull is less likely to capsize. If only one outrigger is used on a vessel, its weight reduces the tendency to capsize in one direction and its buoyancy reduces the tendency in the other direction.
On a keelboat, "outrigger" refers to a variety of structures by which the running rigging (such as a sheet) may be attached outboard (outside the lateral limits) of the boat's hull. The Racing Rules of Sailing generally prohibit
Fishing
In
fishing from vessels, an outrigger is a pole or series of poles that allow boats to trawl more lines in the water without tangling and simulates a school of fish.
Rowing
In a rowing boat or
galley, an outrigger (or rigger) is a triangular frame that holds the
rowlock (into which the
oar is slotted) away from the saxboard (or gunwale in gig rowing) to optimize leverage. Wooden outriggers appear on the new
trireme around the 7th or 6th centuries BC and later on Italian galleys around AD 1300, while
Harry Clasper (1812–1870), a
United Kingdom professional rower, popularised the use of the modern tubular-metal version and the top rowing events accepted the physiological and ergonomic advantages so acceded to its use in competitions. In recent decades, some manufacturers of
racing shells have developed
wing-riggers which are reinforced arcs or flattened tubular projections akin to aircraft wings, instead of conventional triangular structures.
See also
