Orthoborate

 ( Inorganic Compounds ) 

In inorganic chemistry, an orthoborate is a Polyatomic ion anion with formula or a salt containing the anion; such as trisodium orthoborate . It is one of several boron , or .

The name is also used in organic chemistry for the trivalent functional group , or any compound (ester) that contains it, such as triethyl orthoborate .

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Structure The orthoborate ion is known in the solid state, for example, in calcium orthoborate , where it adopts a nearly trigonal planar structure. It is a structural analogue of the carbonate anion , with which it is isoelectronic. Simple bonding theories point to the trigonal planar structure. In terms of valence bond theory, the bonds are formed by using sp² hybrid orbitals on boron.

Some compounds termed orthoborates do not necessarily contain the trigonal planar ion. For example, gadolinium orthoborate contains the planar ion only a high temperatures; otherwise it contains the polyborate anion .

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Reactions

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Solution in water When orthoborate salts are dissolved in water, the anion converts mostly to boric acid and other hydrogen-containing borate anions, mainly tetrahydroxyborate . The reactions of orthoborate in solution are therefore mostly those of these compounds.

In particular, these reactions include the condensation of tetrahydroxoborate with cis-vicinal diols such as mannitol, sorbitol, glucose and glycerol, to form relatively stable anion esters. This reaction is used in analytic chemistry to determine the concentration of borate anions.

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See also

• Metaborate
• Tetraborate

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