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Neurilemma (also known as neurolemma, sheath of Schwann, or Schwann's sheath) (2025). 9781416062578, Saunders/Elsevier. ISBN 9781416062578 is the outermost cell nucleus layer of (also called neurilemmocytes) that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layer of the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system.
The neurilemma is underlain by the myelin (also known as the medullary sheath). In the central nervous system, axons are myelinated by oligodendrocytes, thus lack neurilemma. The myelin sheaths of oligodendrocytes do not have neurilemma because excess cytoplasm is directed centrally toward the oligodendrocyte cell body.
Neurilemma serves a protective function for peripheral nerve fibers. Damaged nerve fibers may regenerate if the cell body is not damaged and the neurilemma remains intact. The neurilemma forms a regeneration tube through which the growing axon re-establishes its original connection.
Neurilemoma is a tumor of the neurilemma.
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