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Nephritis is of the and may involve the glomeruli, tubules, or interstitial tissue surrounding the glomeruli and tubules.Keto Acids – Advances in Research and Application 2013 Edition p.220e It is one of several different types of .


Types
  • Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli. Glomerulonephritis is often implied when using the term "nephritis" without qualification.
  • Interstitial nephritis (or tubulo-interstitial nephritis) is inflammation of the spaces between .


Causes
Nephritis can often be caused by infections and toxins, but it is most commonly caused by autoimmune disorders that affect the major organs like kidneys.
  • is inflammation that results from a urinary tract infection that reaches the of the kidney.
  • is inflammation of the kidney caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a disease of the .
  • Athletic nephritis is nephritis resulting from strenuous exercise. Bloody urine after strenuous exercise may also result from march hemoglobinuria, which is caused by trauma to red blood cells, causing , which leads to the release of hemoglobin into the urine.
    (2025). 9781420005127, CRC Press. .


Mechanism
Nephritis can produce glomerular injury, by disturbing the glomerular structure with inflammatory cell proliferation. This can lead to reduced glomerular blood flow, leading to reduced urine output () and retention of waste products (). As a result, red blood cells may leak out of damaged glomeruli, causing blood to appear in the urine ().

Low renal blood flow activates the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), causing fluid retention and mild .

(2012). 9780323087988, Elsevier Health Sciences. .
As the kidneys inflame, they begin to excrete needed protein from the affected individual's body into the urine stream. This condition is called .

Loss of necessary protein due to nephritis can result in several life-threatening symptoms. The most serious complication of nephritis can occur if there is significant loss of the proteins that keep blood from clotting excessively. Loss of these proteins can result in blood clots, causing sudden stroke.

(2014). 9781421409849, JHU Press. .


Diagnosis
The diagnosis depends on the cause of the nephritis, and in the case of , , X-rays and an ultrasound can help ascertain if the individual has the condition.


Treatment
of nephritis/ worldwide in 2004.

]] Treatment (or management) of nephritis depends on what has provoked the inflammation of the kidney(s). In the case of lupus nephritis, hydroxychloroquine could be used.


Prevalence
Nephritis represents the ninth-most-common cause of death among all women in the US (and the fifth leading cause among non- black women).

Worldwide, the highest rates of nephritis are 50–55% for African or Asian descent followed by Hispanic at 43% and at 17%.

(2012). 9781461444541, Springer Science & Business Media. .

The average age of an individual diagnosed with kidney inflammation (in this case, lupus nephritis) is 28.4 years old.


See also
  • Nephrotic syndrome
  • Bright's disease
  • Goodpasture syndrome


External links
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