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A mausoleum is an external free-standing constructed as a monument enclosing the of a deceased person or people. A mausoleum without the person's is called a . A mausoleum may be considered a type of , or the tomb may be considered to be within the mausoleum.

Overview
The word mausoleum (from the ) derives from the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus (near modern-day in Turkey), the grave of King , the Persian of , whose large tomb was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Mausolea were historically, and still may be, large and impressive constructions for a deceased leader or other person of importance. However, smaller mausolea soon became popular with the and in many countries. In the , these were often in or along roadsides: the via Appia Antica retains the ruins of many private mausolea for kilometres outside . When Christianity became dominant, mausolea were out of use.Paul Veyne, in A History of Private Life: I. From Pagan Rome to Byzantium, Veyne, ed. (Harvard University Press) 1987:416.

Later, mausolea became particularly popular in and its during the early modern and modern periods. A single mausoleum may be permanently sealed. A mausoleum encloses a burial chamber either wholly above ground or within a burial vault below the superstructure. This contains the body or bodies, probably within or interment niches. Modern mausolea may also act as (a type of mausoleum for cremated remains) with additional cinerary urn niches. Mausolea may be located in a , a or on private land.

In the , the term may be used for a burial vault below a larger facility, such as a church. The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels in Los Angeles, California, for example, has 6,000 sepulchral and cinerary urn spaces for interments in the lower level of the building. It is known as the "crypt mausoleum". In Europe, these underground vaults are sometimes called or .

A chapel mausoleum or mausoleum chapel in a cemetery can be used for closed-casket funeral services prior to interments.

Notable mausoleums
Africa
Algeria

Others

Rabat Mausole MohammedV.jpg|Mausoleum of Mohammed V in , TUNISIE MONASTIR MAUSOLEE BOURGHIBA 03.jpg|'s mausoleum in Monastir, Tunisia Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque2.jpg|Gamal Abdel Nasser Mosque in , Memorial Antonio Agostinho Neto (19882325368).jpg|'s Mausoleum in , `KOMBIENI Yépabou Dieudonne.jpg|'s mausoleum in , Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park.jpg|Kwame Nkrumah Memorial Park and Mausoleum in , Kenyatta Mausoleum (1295043494).jpg|Mausoleum of the late President of Kenya Mzee Jomo Kenyatta in , Banda-mausoleum.jpg| Mausoleum in , Amílcar Cabral mausoleum in Bissau 1.jpg|'s mausoleum in , Her Community Walkathon 58.jpg|'s burial site, , . Mausoleum of General Sani Abacha in Kano.jpg|'s mausoleum in Kano, Nigeria. Mausoleum of Gnassingbé Eyadéma in Pya, Kara.jpg|'s family mausoleum in Kara, . Mwanawasa’s mausoleum 2.png|Mausoleum of late President at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in , . Chiluba's mausoleum.png|Mausoleum of late President Frederick Chiluba at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in , . Sata's mausoleum.png|Mausoleum of late President at Embassy Park Presidential Burial in , .

Asia, Eastern, Southern, Central, and Southeast
Afghanistan
  • Tomb of Ahmad Shah Durrani in , Afghanistan
Tomb of former King Zahir Shah - panoramio.jpg|Mausoleum of Mohammad Zaher Shah (Hill of Teppe Maranjan) in Amir Abdurahman Khan's Tomb.jpg|Abdur Rahman Khan's Mausoleum in TOMB OF BABUR IN KABUL.jpg|, mausoleum of the founder of the

Bangladesh
  • Mausoleum of Kazi Nazrul Islam
  • Mausoleum of Lalon Shah
  • Mausoleum of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
  • Mausoleum of Three Leaders
  • Mausoleum of Ziaur Rahman
Tomb of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, Tungipara.jpg|Mausoleum of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Tomb Of Three Leader 1.A.M.R.jpg|Mausoleum of Three Leaders Lalon Tomb0023.JPG|Mausoleum of Lalon Shah

China
Tomb of the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang Di, Xi'an, China - panoramio.jpg|Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor in Xi'an, China Sun mausoleum.jpg|Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, , China Yuan Shikai Mausoleum - 袁林 (5067194466).jpg|Mausoleum of , , , China MausoleumMaoZedongpic.jpg|Mausoleum of Mao Zedong in , China

India
Taj_Mahal,_Agra,_India_edit3.jpg| in , India

Indonesia
Makam Soekarno.jpg|Grave of Sukarno Astana Giribangun06.jpg|Astana Giribangun

Japan
  • Toyokuni Shrine at Higashiyama-ku, Kyoto. Mausoleum of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, which was later destroyed by the Tokugawa clan.
  • Nikkō Tōshō-gū at Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture. It is part of the "Shrines and Temples of Nikkō", Mausoleum of , Tokugawa shōguns.
  • Rinnō-ji at Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture. The temple also administers the Taiyū-in Reibyō (大猷院霊廟), which is the mausoleum of , the third Tokugawa shōgun. Together with Nikkō Tōshō-gū and .
  • Zuihōden at , Miyagi Prefecture is the mausoleum complex of and his heirs, daimyō of the
  • , at Shuri, Okinawa
Taiyuin Honden Ai no ma.jpg|Taiyū-in Reibyō at Nikkō, Tochigi Prefecture Sennyuji Kyoto11o4592.jpg|Tsuki no wa no misasagi in Sennyū-ji, Kyoto Fushimi momoyaja jyou 13.jpg| in Kyoto, HO Mausoleum EntranceIn KyotoJapan.jpg|The entrance to Higashi Otani Mausoleum, Kyoto

Malaysia
Mahmoodiah Royal Mausoleum.jpg|Makam Diraja Mahmoodiah at in Jalan Mahmoodiah, ,

Pakistan
Tomb Jinnah.jpg| in , Pakistan "Samadhi of Ranjit Singh at Sunrise.".jpg|Samadhi of Ranjit Singh, founder of the at , Pakistan Grave of Sultan Qutb al-Din Aibak.jpg|Tomb of Qutb ud-Din Aibak, founder of the at , Pakistan Shrine Of Allo Mahar sharif.jpg|Shrine of Islamic Naqshbandi saints of Allo Mahar Sharif. Muhammad Allama Iqbal’s Tomb.JPG|Tomb of Allama Iqbal at , Pakistan Tomb of Jahangir and gardens.jpg|The exterior view of the Mausoleum of Emperor Jahangir, located in Punjab, Pakistan

Philippines

Taiwan
Cihu Chiang residence courtyard.JPG| in , Taiwan

Others
Sejong tomb 2.jpg|Yeongneung, 's mausoleum in , South Korea Kumsusan Memorial Palace, Pyongyang.jpg|Kumsusan Palace of the Sun, Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il's mausoleum in , North Korea Lăng chủ tịch Hồ Chí Minh về đêm.jpg|Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum in , Vietnam The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi at the Mausoleum of the First President of Turkmenistan, in Ashgabat, Turkmenistan on July 11, 2015 (2).jpg|Türkmenbaşy Ruhy Mosque in , ,

Asia, western
Iran

Iraq
  • Imam Husayn Mosque, – according to belief, the head and body of Husayn ibn Ali, along with all others who fell at the Battle of Karbala are buried there

Israel
  • Shrine of the Báb in
  • Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh in

Jordan

Palestine
  • Mausoleum of Yasser Arafat in , West Bank

Turkey

United Arab Emirates

Gallery
File:Anıtkabir, Ankara.jpg|Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in , Turkey File:Seyed Ruhollah Khomeini's tomb in 2023.jpeg|Mausoleum of Khomeini in , Iran File:Hafez Fixed.jpg|Tomb of Hafez (Hāfezieh) in , Iran File:Mausoleum of Hafez al-Assad 2.jpg|Mausoleum of the Assad family in , Syria File:Treasury Petra.jpg|The at is believed to be King 's mausoleum. File:Al-Masjid An-Nabawi (Bird's Eye View).jpg|The , mausoleum of , , and , located in the Prophet's Mosque in , Saudi Arabia File:Karbala City 1.jpg|The mausoleum of Imam Husayn Shrine in , Iraq File:طواف - panoramio.jpg|Mausoleum of Cyrus the Great in , Iran File:Rashed belah tomb.jpg|Mausoleum of later Abbasid Caliph Ar-Rashid bi-llāh

Europe
  • in Austria
  • Church of Our Lady of Laeken in Belgium
  • Batenberg Mausoleum in , Bulgaria
  • Cathedral of Saint Domnius in Split, Croatia
  • Royal Mausoleum and the Duchess of Kent's Mausoleum, Frogmore, Windsor, England
  • Trentham Mausoleum near , England
  • Juselius Mausoleum in Finland
  • italic=no in France
  • Panthéon, Paris in France
  • Bismarck Mausoleum outside in northern Germany
  • Lajos Batthyány's Mausoleum in , Hungary
  • Mausoleum of Augustus in , Italy.
  • Mausoleum of Hadrian in , Italy
  • Pantheon, Rome in Italy
  • Mausoleum of Emperor Ferdinand II in Austria
  • Mausoleum of Theodoric in , Italy
  • Mausoleum of Galla Placidia in , Italy
  • Mausoleum in , Netherlands
  • National Pantheon / Church of Santa Engrácia in , Portugal
  • Mausoleum of Marasesti in , Romania
  • Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Russia
  • Cathedral of the Archangel in , Russia
  • Lenin's Mausoleum in , Russia
  • Hamilton Mausoleum at Hamilton, Scotland
  • Damat Ali-Pasha Mausoleum, , Serbia
  • House of Flowers in , Serbia
  • in , Serbia
  • Valle de los Caídos in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

Cathédrale Saint-Louis-des-Invalides, 140309 2.jpg|italic=no in Paris, France Paris Pantheon Outside.JPG|The Panthéon in , France Juselius mausoleum.jpg|Jusélius Mausoleum at the Käppärä Cemetery in , Finland Njegošev mauzolej na Lovćenu, 2013-05-04 - panoramio (1).jpg|Mausoleum of Njegoš in Lovćen, Montenegro Mauzoleumlenina (cropped).jpeg|Lenin's Mausoleum in , Russia Tito's mausoleu entrance.JPG|House of Flowers in Belgrade, Serbia Church of St. George in Topola (by Pudelek) 1.JPG| in , Serbia SPA-2014-San Lorenzo de El Escorial-Valley of the Fallen (Valle de los Caídos).jpg|Valle de los Caídos in San Lorenzo de El Escorial, Spain

South America
Argentina
  • La Recoleta Cemetery,
  • Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, mausoleum of José de San Martín
  • Mausoleum of Néstor Kirchner, Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz
  • Cathedral of La Plata, mausoleum of
San Martin's Grave.jpg|Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral, mausoleum of General San Martín in , Argentina

Bolivia
  • Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, La Paz, mausoleum of Andrés de Santa Cruz
  • Cementerio General de , mausoleum of "general del pueblo" René Barrientos Ortuño
Colorados Guard Remains of Mariscal Santa Cruz (41749215151).jpg|Cathedral Basilica of Our Lady of Peace, La Paz, mausoleum of Andrés de Santa Cruz, Bolivia

Brazil
  • Obelisk of São Paulo, mausoleum to the heroes of the Constitutionalist Revolution in São Paulo, São Paulo
  • mausoleum in ,
  • São João Batista Cemetery, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro
  • Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo
  • in Brasília, Federal District
  • Monument to the dead of World War II, Rio de Janeiro
  • Imperial Mausoleum, the final resting place of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and other members of the Brazilian imperial family
Vista aérea do Monumento à Independência.jpg|The Monument to the Independence of Brazil in São Paulo houses the of Emperor Pedro I of Brazil (also King of Portugal as Pedro IV) and his two wives Petropolis-Cathedral1.jpg|The Imperial Mausoleum in the Cathedral of São Pedro de Alcântara in Petrópolis, Brazil. It is the final resting place of Emperor Pedro II of Brazil and other members of the Brazilian imperial family Convento de Santo Antônio do Largo da Carioca 09.jpg|A mausoleum containing the remains of several Brazilian royals, as well as those of friars, in the Convent of Santo Antônio, Rio de Janeiro File:Pracinhas-CCBY.jpg|The Monument to the dead of World War II in Rio de Janeiro. The below grade mausoleum holds the remains of 467 servicemen of the Brazilian Expeditionary Force who died in action in Italy during World War II Tv tower at the sun set in Brasilia 02.jpg|The is the burial place of Brazilian president Juscelino Kubitschek in Brasília, a city founded by Kubitschek himself

Chile
Altar de la patria chile.jpg| of Chile

Colombia
  • Central Cemetery of Bogotá, Colombia

Ecuador

Paraguay
  • National Pantheon of the Heroes
Gran Panteón de Asunción by Felipe Méndez.jpg|National Pantheon of the Heroes in , Paraguay

Peru
  • Panteón de los Próceres
  • Presbítero Maestro, mausoleum and museum in
  • Metropolitan Cathedral of Lima
Panteón de los Próceres.JPG|Presbitero Maestro mausoleum and museum in , Peru

Uruguay
  • Artigas Mausoleum, mausoleum of José Gervasio Artigas
File:Artigas Pza Indep2.jpg|Monument at the entrance of the Artigas Mausoleum in , Uruguay. File:Artigas mausoleum.JPG|Inside of the Artigas Mausoleum.
Venezuela
  • National Pantheon of Venezuela, mausoleum of Simón Bolívar
Panteón Nacional de Venezuela desde el MINCI.jpg|National Pantheon of Venezuela, mausoleum of Simón Bolívar in , Venezuela

North America
Canada
  • Beechwood Cemetery in Vanier, Ottawa, Ontario
  • Chapel Lawn Cemetery in , Manitoba
  • Eaton family mausoleum at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in ,
  • Fairview Mausoleum in Niagara Falls, Ontario
  • Francis Nicholson Darke's mausoleum at Regina Cemetery in Regina, Saskatchewan
  • Hamilton Cemetery in Hamilton, Ontario
  • 's mausoleum at Mount Pleasant Cemetery in Toronto, Ontario
  • Hillcrest Memorial Gardens in , Saskatchewan
  • Holy Cross Cemetery (Edmonton) in /ref>
  • Larson Mausoleum in Lang, Saskatchewan
  • Mount Royal Cemetery, Outremont, Quebec
  • Mountain View Cemetery (Vancouver) in , British Columbia
  • Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery, Cote-des-Neiges-Notre-Dame-de-Grace, , Quebec
  • Queen's Park Mausoleum in , Alberta
  • Sir 's mausoleum at Park Lawn Cemetery in , Ontario

Cuba
  • Santa Ifigenia Cemetery, Santiago de Cuba

Dominican Republic
  • Altar de la Patria, mausoleum to the Founding Fathers of the Dominican Republic
  • National Pantheon of the Dominican Republic

El Salvador

Guatemala
  • Guatemala City General Cemetery

Haiti
  • 's National Cemetery in , where François Duvalier, who ruled from 1957 to 1971, is buried

Mexico
  • El Ángel Victory column and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Independence in
  • Monumento a la Revolución monument commemorating and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Revolution in Mexico City
  • Mexico City Metropolitan Cathedral, Mexico City
  • Jardines Del Humaya, a cemetery with opulent multi-story and air-conditioned mausoleums of Mexican drug cartel members
Monumento a la Independencia (El Angel).jpg|El Ángel Victory column and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Independence in , Mexico Monumento a la revolución2017.jpg|Monumento a la Revolución monument commemorating and mausoleum to the heroes of the Mexican Revolution in Mexico City, Mexico

Nicaragua

Panama

United States
  • Henry Flagler's mausoleum in St. Augustine, Florida
  • Presidential memorials in the United States and Presidents' graves of the United States
    • Grant's Tomb in New York, New York
    • James A. Garfield Memorial in Cleveland, Ohio
    • in Springfield, Illinois
  • MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk, Virginia
  • Crown Hill Memorial Park in ,
  • Elmwood Cemetery and Mausoleum in Birmingham, Alabama
  • Miles Mausoleum in Arlington National Cemetery
  • Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum in Hartsdale, New York
  • Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California
  • Hillcrest Memorial Park in Augusta, Georgia
  • Macon Memorial Park in Macon, Georgia
  • Queen of Heaven Mausoleum in Queen of Heaven Cemetery, Hillside, Illinois
  • Rose Hills Memorial Park, Whittier, California
  • Wilhelm's Portland Memorial Funeral Home in Portland, Oregon
  • in Tacoma, Washington
  • Tombs of the Uga mascots inside in Athens, Georgia
  • Williamson Mausoleum at Orphans Cemetery in Eastman, Georgia
  • Brigadier General Egbert Ludovicus Viele's Egyptian-style pyramid mausoleum in West Point, New York
  • Rapper 's mausoleum at The Gardens of Boca Raton in Boca Raton, Florida
  • Rapper 's mausoleum at Beverly Cemetery in Blue Island, Illinois
  • Mausoleo a los Heroes de El Polvorín, at Cementerio Civil de Ponce in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Cemetery of the Holy Rood Section 6 2021c.jpg|Mausolea in Cemetery of the Holy Rood on , New York InsideSpringValleyMausoleum.jpg|The interior of the Spring Valley Mausoleum in , listed on the National Register of Historic Places Percival Lowell - Mausoleum 2013.jpg|Percival Lowell – Mausoleum 2013 at the Lowell Observatory in Flagstaff, Arizona

Oceania
  • in , New Zealand, where New Zealand Prime Minister and his wife are interred.
  • Savage Memorial at in , New Zealand, where New Zealand Prime Minister Michael Joseph Savage is interred.
  • Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in the Hall of Memory at the Australian War Memorial in , Australian Capital Territory.

See also

Notes
  1. The plurals mausoleums and mausolea are both used in English, although mausoleums is more common.

Footnotes
External links

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