The town had a station on the Anglesey Central Railway line which opened in 1864. It closed in 1964, although goods trains continued to pass through the town until 1993. Since then, there have been proposals to convert the line into a multi-purpose path at a cost estimated at £10 million pounds. Although no longer usable, the railway tracks have not been removed. The route remains under the control of Network Rail, leased to Anglesey Central Railway (2006) Ltd, which hopes to raise some £150 million to reinstate a working railway. Hybrid plans also exist for a cycle route along of the line (the majority of its length), which would also allow the route to be used for a heritage railway. The nearest station is now at Llanfairpwllgwyngyll, away as the crow flies. There are frequent buses to the larger settlements of Bangor and Holyhead as well as to the smaller towns of Amlwch and Beaumaris. By road the town is just 2 kilometres from the major A55 and A5 roads, via the short A5114. Water for the town comes from Llyn Cefni, a reservoir to the northwest.
Llangefni hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1957 and 1983, and in 1999 gave its name to the Eisteddfod held at the nearby village of Llanbedrgoch. It also hosted the Urdd Eisteddfod (youth Eisteddfod) in 2004. The town also has a college, Coleg Menai (Llangefni site).
Llangefni is home to the headquarters of large builders merchant chain Huws Gray. The company currently has over 100 branches across the United Kingdom.
The local Rugby Union club is Llangefni RFC, which plays in the WRU leagues. The club recently gained promotion to Division 2 West, but the WRU then decided to demote the club back to Division 4 North Wales league.
In parliamentary elections, Llangefni has been within of the county constituency of Ynys Môn since the latter's creation (as "Anglesey") by the Laws in Wales Act 1535, except between the Parliamentary Boundaries Act 1832 and the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, when it was a contributory borough to the existing parliamentary borough of Beaumaris.
Llangefni Urban District was abolished in 1974, with its area instead becoming a community. District-level functions passed to Ynys Môn-Isle of Anglesey Borough Council, which in 1996 was reconstituted as a county council.Local Government Act 1972Local Government (Wales) Act 1994
The original Anglesey County Council was based at Llangefni Shire Hall from 1899 until 1974. The shire hall was re-designated the "Borough Council Offices" in 1974 and became the headquarters of Ynys Môn-Isle of Anglesey Borough Council. New council offices were built on Mill Street () in Llangefni in the late 1990s for the new Isle of Anglesey County Council.
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