Jangladesh, also known as Jangaldesh or Janglu, was a historical region in what is now northern Rajasthan. It included the present-day districts of Bikaner District, Churu District, Ganganagar, Hanumangarh, and parts of Sirsa District. It was bounded on the south by Marwar and Jaisalmer, and on the east by Ajmer-Merwara.
The term Jangladesh means "rough and dry country", and it is first mentioned in the Mahabharata, although it does not mention an exact location. Later Sanskrit texts, such as Bhava Prakasha and Shabdakalpadruma Kosha, suggested that the land was a hot, arid region, where trees grow with little water.
Between the 10th and 12th centuries, the political landscape had changed. Much of the northern and western regions were ruled by the Bhati. Around Bhatner, there were many settlements of Muslim and . The remaining regions were controlled by Jats, who were ruled by their own chiefs and largely governed by their own customs.
In the 15th century, Rao Bika, emboldened by the prophecies of Karni Mata, successfully led a coalition of Rathores, , and Godara Jats, and captured the region. As a result, most Jat had to accept the suzerainty of the Bikaner State. Bika also saved the Jats from the predations of the Bhati, acting as their buffer.
Churu district was founded by Chaudhary Chuhar Kaswan, who was jagirdar of Kalera under the Sidhmukh state.
The personal enmity of the Saran chief Rao Pula and the Godara chief Rao Pandu of Ladhania culminated in a full fledged war. Rao Pula Saran led his army and occupied and burned Ladhania. The Godara chief then invited the help of Rao Bika. At the Battle of Takka, the Sarans were defeated and Saran lands were occupied, however the Sarans were not totally subjugated. Their last independent chief was Rao Bharat Saran of Laxminarayansar (Rajasar Bikan), who was born in the year 1550 and had control over 140 villages.
During Bharat Saran's time, the fame of the Rathore dynasty ruler, Raj Singh, was rising, and he was in the court of Akbar. The Bidawat Rathores wanted to conquer Saranoti (Saran territory) and were led by Rai Singh, the cousin of Raj Singh. Raj Singh ultimately died fighting Bharat Saran near Udasar. His son, Sur Singh, devised a plan to execute Bharta through Gopaldas Sangwat, an old friend of Bharta. Bharta was survived by only one son who, at the time of the downfall of the Sarans, was at his maternal grandfathers village of Bikamsara. The name of Laxminarayansar was thus changed to Rajasar Bikan and Saranoti was finally annexed in the year 1614.
The 12 sons of Rao Barhdev gave their names to the 12 chief branches of the clan. Two branches which are not found in the Bagar country are Rauria (from Rarah in Bharatpur district, found mostly in Atrauli tehsil of Aligarh district, Bijauli is there recognised centre and Rao Durjan Singh was there most famous chief) and Pawania. Tod places 6 under them on the eve of Jahangir reign.
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