Ironwood is a common name for many that have a reputation for hardness, or specifically a wood density that is denser than water (approximately 1000 kg/m3, or 62 pounds per cubic foot), although usage of the name ironwood in English may or may not indicate a tree that yields such heavy wood.
Some of the species with their common name
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Acacia aulacocarpa (Brush ironwood)
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Acacia estrophiolata (Southern ironwood), central Australia
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Acacia excelsa (Ironwood)
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Acacia melanoxylon (Ironwood)
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Acacia stenophylla (Ironwood), Australia
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Aegiphila martinicensis (Ironwood)
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Afzelia africana (Ironwood)
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Androstachys johnsonii (Lebombo ironwood), southeastern Africa and Madagascar
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Allagoptera caudescens, Borassus flabellifer, Caryota urens, Iriartea deltoidea Black Palm, Palmira wood (Black ironwood)
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Argania spinosa (Morocco ironwood, Thorny, Prickly ironwood)
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Astronium fraxinifolium, Astronium urundeuva (Ironwood)
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Backhousia bancroftii (Bancroft's ironwood)
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Backhousia citriodora (Lemon ironwood), northeastern Australia
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Backhousia myrtifolia (Carrol ironwood, Ironwood)
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( Backhousia subargentea Syn.: Choricarpia subargentea) (Giant ironwood), eastern Australia
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Bridelia micrantha (Benin or Yoruba ironwood), Bridelia atroviridis (Yoruba ironwood)
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Carpinus caroliniana American hornbeam (Ironwood, Blue-beech ironwood, Smooth-barked ironwood), eastern North America
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Casuarinaceae, She-oaks in general, Southeast Asia (Australian ironwood)
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Allocasuarina spp.; Allocasuarina luehmannii, Allocasuarina torulosa, Allocasuarina inophloia (Ironwood), Allocasuarina verticillata (Long-leaved, Longleaf ironwood, Highland or Mountain ironwood)
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Casuarina cunninghamiana (Small-cone ironwood, Australian coast ironwood, River-oak ironwood)
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Casuarina equisetifolia Toa (Beach, Coast ironwood, Pacific, Sea, South Sea or Polynesian ironwood or Short-leaf and False ironwood, Lowland Ironwood), native from Burma south to Australia
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Casuarina cristata (Ironwood)
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Casuarina glauca (Long-leaf Ironwood, Saltmarsh Ironwood, Blue ironwood)
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Casuarina stricta (Highland ironwood, Fodder ironwood)
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Casuarina junghuhniana (Mountain Ironwood)
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( Cenostigma pluviosum Syn.: Caesalpinia pluviosa) (Bolivian ironwood)
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Cercocarpus spp. (Ironwood), Cercocarpus betuloides (Mountain ironwood)
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Chionanthus battiscombei (Water pock ironwood, Small-fruited ironwood, Water Ornate-leaf(ved) ironwood)
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Chionanthus caymanensis (Ironwood, Cayman ironwood)
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Chioanthus compactus (White ironwood)
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Chionanthus panamensis, Chionanthus ligustrinus (Pine ridge ironwood)
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Chionanthus peglerae (Bastard black ironwood or Giant pock ironwood and Pegler's bastard ironwood, Large-leaved ironwood)
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( Citharexylum flexuosum Syn.: Citharexylum spinosum) (White ironwood)
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Cliftonia monophylla (Ironwood)
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Coccoloba pubescens (Broad-leaved ironwood)
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Colophospermum mopane (Black ironwood, Rhodesian ironwood)
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Colubrina elliptica (Ironwood, Martinique ironwood), Colubrina arborescens (West Indian ironwood)
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Combretum imberbe (Ironwood)
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Cordia subcordata (Ironwood)
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Cossinia pinnata (Judas ironwood)
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Cryptocarya lauriflora (Borneo ironwood), Cryptocarya ferrea (Java ironwood)
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Cyrtophyllum fragrans (Ironwood)
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Cynometra alexandri (Uganda ironwood), central and east Africa
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Cyrilla racemiflora (Ironwood, Swamp ironwood)
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Dalbergia melanoxylon (African ironwood)
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Dialium guianense (Ironwood)
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Diploglottis australis Syn.: Diploglottis cunninghamii) (Australian, New Holland ironwood)
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Distylium racemosum (Japanese ironwood)
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Drypetes gerrardii (Bastard white ironwood, Forest ironwood)
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Erythrophleum chlorostachys Steelwood (Cooktown ironwood, Red or Northern ironwood, Leguminous ironwood, Poisonous ironwood), native to northern Australia
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Erythroxylum areolatum (Cartagena ironwood, Jamaica ironwood)
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Eucalyptus spp. (Australian ironwood)
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Eugenia confusa (Red berry ironwood, Tropical ironwood)
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Eusideroxylon zwageri (Borneo ironwood, Chinese ironwood, Real or True ironwood), southeast Asia
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Exostema caribaeum (Bastard ironwood)
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Exothea paniculata (Ironwood)
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Fagraea fragrans (Sumatra or Java ironwood)
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Fagara lentiscifolia (Bastard ironwood)
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Forestiera pubescens (Ironwood)
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Forestiera pubescens var. parvifolia (New Mexican ironwood)
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Genipa americana (Brazilian ironwood)
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Gordonia haematoxylon (Ironwood)
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Gossia bidwillii (Smooth-barked ironwood, Scrub ironwood), Gossia acmenoides (Scrub ironwood), Gossia dulcis (Ironwood), Gossia floribunda (Cape ironwood), Gossia myrsinocarpa (Malanada ironwood)
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Gymnanthes lucida (Narrow-leaf ironwood)
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( Gymnostoma nodiflorum Syn.: Casuarina nodiflora ) (Knot-flowered ironwood)
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( Gymnostoma papuanum Syn.: Casuarina papuana) (Papuan ironwood)
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( Gymnostoma sumatranum Syn.: Casuarina sumatrana) (Ironwood)
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Handroanthus spp. formerly Tabebuia spp.; Handroanthus heptaphyllus, Handroanthus serratifolius etc., Ipê, Brazilian walnut, Lapacho, Yellow poui (Ironwood)
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Heritiera trifoliolata Black stavewood, Heritiera actinophylla Stavewood (Ironwood)
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Holodiscus discolor Oceanspray (Ironwood), western North America
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Homalium dentatum, Homalium letestui (Brown ironwood), Homalium rufescens (Small-leaved brown ironwood), Homalium abdessammadii (Zambezi brown ironwood)
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Hopea odorata, Hopea parviflora (Malabar, Ceylon ironwood)
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Hypelate trifoliata (White ironwood)
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Ilex mitis (Lance-leaved ironwood, Smooth or Mild, Unarmed ironwood)
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Inhambanella henriquesii (Rock, Water or Small ironwood)
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Intsia bijuga, Intsia palembanica (Moluccan, Madagascar ironwood)
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Ixora ferrea (Ironwood, West Indian ironwood, Martinique ironwood, Red ironwood, Three-flowered ironwood)
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Jacquinia keyensis (Ironwood)
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Krugiodendron ferreum (Black ironwood, Caribbean or Guadeloupe ironwood), Caribbean
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( Libidibia ferrea Syn.: 'Caesalpinia ferrea'') (Brazilian ironwood), Brazil
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Lignum vitae; Guaiacum officinale, Guaiacum sanctum and Argentine, Paraguay Lignum Vitae, Verawood Bulnesia arborea also als Maracaibo Lignum Vitae and Bulnesia sarmientoi (Ironwood)
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Lophira alata (West African ironwood, (Small) Red ironwood, Dwarf (red) ironwood, Dryzone (red) ironwood), western and central Africa
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Lophira lanceolata ((Dwarf) Red ironwood)
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Lyonothamnus floribundus (Catalina or Western ironwood, Island or Santa Cruz (Island) Ironwood, Lyon's Ironwood or Fern-leaved ironwood), in the Rosaceae, Channel Islands of California
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Manilkara hexandra (Ceylon ironwood)
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Manilkara kauki (Moluccan ironwood)
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Mesua ferrea (Sri Lankan or Ceylon and Assam ironwood, East Indian Ironwood), southern and southeastern Asia
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Metrosideros spp. all Species (Ironwood), Metrosideros umbellata (New Zealand Ironwood), Metrosideros kermadecensis (Real or True ironwood)
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Millettia grandis (Kafir ironwood)
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Minquartia guianensis (Ironwood)
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Mouriri myrtilloides (Small-leaved ironwood)
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Myoporum obscurum (Bastard ironwood)
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Myracrodruon urundeuva (Ironwood)
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Nestegis apetala (Bastard ironwood), New Zealand and Norfolk Island
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Notelaea ligustrina (Tasmanian ironwood, New-South-Wales ironwood)
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Notelaea longifolia (Norfolk-Island ironwood)
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( Noronhia foveolata Syn.: Chionanthus foveolatus) (Pock ironwood, Bastard ironwood or Cape pock ironwood, Bastard, Forest pock ironwood, Ornate-leaf(ved), Fine-leaved ironwood) native to southern Africa
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Ochna holstii (Red ironwood)
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Oldfieldia africana (West African ironwood)
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Olea capensis ( Bastard Black, Forest, Bushveld or False, Bastard ironwood, South African ironwood, Small and Olive ironwood, East African ironwood), Africa
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Olea woodiana (Black ironwood), eastern and southern Africa
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Olinia ventosa (Sproutful ironwood)
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Olneya (desert ironwood, Arizona or Sonora ironwood, Mexican ironwood)
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Ostrya knowltonii Knowlton's or Western hophornbeam (Canyon ironwood, Western Ironwood)
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Ostrya virginiana Hophornbeam, (North-American, American ironwood, Canadian ironwood, Rough-barked ironwood, Eastern ironwood)
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Palicourea cardiomorpha subsp. cardiomorpha (Panicled-flowered ironwood)
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Parrotia persica (Persian ironwood, Transcaucasian ironwood)
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Parrotia subaequalis (Chinese ironwood)
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Paubrasilia echinata (Ironwood)
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Peltophorum rufum (Cochinchina ironwood)
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Pemphis acidula (Maldivian ironwood)
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Picrodendron baccatum (Black ironwood)
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Planchonella costata (Bastard ironwood)
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Planchonella obovata (Silvery ironwood, Obovate ironwood)
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Prosopis juliflora, Prosopis glandulosa (Texas ironwood), Prosopis kuntzei, Prosopis africana (Ironwood) Mesquite
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Prunus africana (Ironwood)
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Quebracho tree Schinopsis spp.; Schinopsis brasiliensis, Schinopsis balansae, Schinopsis lorentzii and Aspidosperma quebracho-blanco (Ironwood)
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Rapanea melanophloeos (Laurel-leaved ironwood)
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Rauvolfia sandwicensis (Hawaiian ironwood)
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Reynosia septentrionalis, Reynosa latifolia (Red ironwood)
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Rhodamnia acuminata (Cooloola ironwood)
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Rhodomyrtus trineura var. canescens (Crater ironwood), Rhodomyrtus pervagata (Rusty ironwood)
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Rothmannia capensis (Black ironwood, Cape of Good Hope ironwood)
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Schleichera oleosa (Ironwood)
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Senegalia intsia (Indian ironwood)
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Senegalia muricata (Ironwood)
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Senegalia tenuifolia (Antillean ironwood)
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Senna siamea (Indonesian or Indian ironwood)
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Sideroxylon spp. (Ironwood);
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Sideroxylon inerme (Smooth or White ironwood, Broad-leaved, Unarmed ironwood, Cape or East African ironwood)
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Sideroxylon lanuginosum or Gum bully (Ironwood)
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Sideroxylon lycioides (American ironwood, Canada thorny ironwood, Willow-leaved, Boxthorn-leaved ironwood, Ten-threaded, Decandrous ironwood, Bumelia ironwood)
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Sideroxylon tenax (Silky(-leaved) ironwood, Silvery-leaved ironwood)
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Sideroxylon celastrinum (Ironwood)
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Sideroxylon cinereum (White ironwood, Bourbon or Mauritius ironwood)
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Sideroxylon foetidissimum (Opposite-leaved ironwood)
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Sideroxylon lanuginosum (Woolly-leaved ironwood)
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Sideroxylon reclinatum (Reclined ironwood)
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Sloanea dentata (Black ironwood, Broad-leaf ironwood)
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Sloanea jamaicensis, Sloanea sinemariensis (Ironwood)
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Stadmania spp. (Ironwood, Bois de fer, Mauritius ironwood), Stadmania oppositifolia (Bourbon ironwood)
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Swartzia spp.; Swartzia tomentosa (Cayenne ironwood), Swartzia bannia, Swartzia bidentata, Swartzia leiocalycina, Swartzia ingifolia, Swartzia grandifolia, Swartzia panacoco (Guiana ironwood) etc. (Ironwood, South American ironwood, Suriname ironwood)
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Terminalia canescens (Ironwood)
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Tetragastris balsamifera (West Indian ironwood)
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Thouinia striata (Ironwood, Quebracho)
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Trichilia hirta (Bastard ironwood)
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Tristaniopsis laurina (Canungra ironwood)
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Vachellia farnesiana (Ironwood)
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Vepris lanceolata (White ironwood), Vepris reflexa (Woodland white ironwood, Bushveld white ironwood, Drooping or Rock white ironwood), Vepris undulata (White ironwood), Vepris carringtoniana (Coastal white ironwood, Wing-leaved white ironwood), Vepris zambesiaca (Rare white ironwood), Vepris termitaria (Riverine white ironwood) native to South Africa
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Xanthostemon species collectively known as "Philippine ironwood", all endemic to the Philippines
- * Xanthostemon bracteatus (Mapilig)
- * Xanthostemon fruticosus (Sierra Madre mangkono)
- * Xanthostemon philippinensis (Bagoadlau)
- * Xanthostemon verdugonianus (Mangkono)
- * Xanthostemon speciosus (Palawan mangkono)
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Xanthostemon verus (Asian or Moluccan, Real or True ironwood)
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Xantolis tomentosa (Armed ironwood, Felty, Woolly, Downy-leaved ironwood)
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Xylia xylocarpa (Burma ironwood or Myanmar ironwood)
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Zanthoxylum fagara (Bastard, False ironwood, Yellow ironwood, Jamaica, Brazilian ironwood, Intended-leaved American ironwood)
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Zanthoxylum piperitum (Crenated-leaved ironwood)
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Zanthoxylum tragodes (Prickly-leaved American ironwood)
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Zapoteca tetragona (Antillean ironwood)
Plants named ironwood
Acacia estrophiolata habit.jpg| Acacia estrophiolata
Acacia-stenophylla-flowers.jpg| Acacia stenophylla flowers
American Hornbeam Leaves 600.jpg| Carpinus caroliniana leaves
Casuarina equesitifolia tree.jpg| Casuarina equisetifolia subsp. incana
Chionanthus foveolatus - Pock Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 6.jpg| Chionanthus foveolatus leaves
Eusideroxylon zwageri.JPG| Eusideroxylon zwageri leaves
Holodiscus discolor 3007.JPG| Holodiscus discolor flowers
PAU-FERROceret10.jpg| Libidibia ferrea
Lyonothamnus floribundus floribundus.jpg| Lyonothamnus floribundus
MesuaFerrea IronWood.jpg| Mesua ferrea
NestegisApetala.jpg| Nestegis apetala
Olea capensis - Ironwood Tree - Cape Town 2.jpg| Olea capensis
Olea woodiana, KwaZulu-Natal NBT, PMB.jpg| Olea woodiana
See also
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Ironwood Island (Wisconsin)
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Ironwood, Michigan
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Ironwood State Prison
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Black ironwood (disambiguation)
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Ironbark, various Eucalyptus spp.
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Iron tree (disambiguation)
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Janka hardness test
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Sideroxylon, from sideros (σιδηρος) meaning "iron", and xylon (ξύλον) meaning "wood"
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Járnviðr