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Impunity is the ability to act with exemption from punishments, losses, or other negative consequences. In the international law of human rights, impunity is failure to bring perpetrators of human rights violations to justice and, as such, itself constitutes a denial of the victims' right to justice and Legal remedy. Impunity is especially common in countries which lack the tradition of rule of law, or suffer from pervasive corruption, or contain entrenched systems of patronage, or where the judiciary is weak or members of the security forces are protected by special or immunities. Impunity is sometimes considered a form of denialism of historical crimes.
The First Principle of that same document states that:
are frequently established by nations emerging from periods marked by human rights violations – coups d'état, military dictatorships, , etc. – in order to cast light on the events of the past. While such mechanisms can assist in the ultimate prosecution of crimes and punishment of the guilty, they have often been criticised for perpetuating impunity by enabling violators to seek protection of concurrently adopted . "What Next for International Justice?" International Center for Transitional Justice
The primary goal of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, adopted on 17 July 1998 and entered into force on 1 July 2002, is "to put an end to impunity for the perpetrators" ... "of the most serious crimes of concern to the international community as a whole".
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