Agave fourcroydes or henequen is a species of flowering plant in the family Asparagaceae, native to southern Mexico and Guatemala. It is reportedly naturalized in Madeira,
Overview
The leaves of
Agave fourcroydes yield a
fiber also called henequen, which is suitable for
rope and
twine but not of as high a quality as
sisal.
It is the major plantation fiber
agave of eastern
Mexico, being grown extensively in Yucatán,
Veracruz, and
Tamaulipas. It is also used to make licor del henequén, a traditional Mexican alcoholic drink.
The plant appears as a rosette of sword-shaped leaves meters long, growing out of a thick stem that may reach 1.7 meters (5 ft). The leaves have regularly spaced teeth 3–6 mm long and a terminal spine 2–3 cm long.
Like sisal, A.fourcroydes is a sterile hybrid; the ovaries never produce seeds. The plant does produce bulbils that may be planted, but commercial growers prefer to use the frequent basal shoot, which develop more quickly.
The first person of Spanish descent to document the plant and its usefulness for ropes and other naval utensils was José María Lanz, a Mexican-born engineer in service of the Spanish Navy, who studied henequen in Yucatán in 1783.
In mezcal
Henequen, like other species of agave, is used in the production of
mezcal.
Gallery
Image:Henequen.jpg|Henequen farm in Yucatán Peninsula.
File:Henequenharvesting-yucatan-1922.jpg|Henequen being harvested in 1922 for pulp to make paper.
Agave fourcroydes 144-8746.jpg
See also
-
Henequen industry in Yucatán
-
International Year of Natural Fibres 2009
-
José María Lanz, Observaciones que el alférez de fragata D. José Maria de Lanz, forma sobre la planta nombrada henequen, sus utilidades, y lo conveniente de su fomento, en cumplimiento de la comision con que lo despacho á Yucatan para la inspeccion de la járcia de esta especie, el Sr. D. Francisco de Borja, jefe de escuadra de la real armada, y comandante de las fuerzas maritimas del departamento de la Habana, October 15, 1783; later reprinted in Registro Yucateco, volume 3 (1846), pages 81–95 ( digitized by Google)
-
Howard Scott Gentry, Agaves of Continental North America (University of Arizona Press, 1982) pp. 573–576
External links
