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A greenskeeper is a person responsible for the upkeep of a golf course. Their duties include all Horticulture practices, as well as the setting of flag-sticks and marking of hazards. Other responsibilities typically include raking bunkers, watering plants, repairing , trimming tee boxes, and mowing the course. Greenskeepers often work under the direction of a golf course superintendent.
The distance between the tee marker and flag-stick affects difficulty and gameplay. Almost every golf course is measured and rated according to distance, often measured in yardage. It is the greenskeeper's responsibility to keep the cumulative yardage for daily play close to the rating for the course; guidelines are not exact and the movement of flag-sticks is largely left to the greenskeeper's discretion. In order to place a flag-stick, greenskeepers use a cup-cutting tool. This tool is specifically designed to preserve the soil and turf, which is immediately used to fill and repair the previous hole. Once the new hole is cut, a cup-setter tool is used to place the top of the cup about 1 inch (25 mm) below the green's surface. Due to wear and tear, flag-sticks need to be frequently moved. At heavily-trafficked courses and courses hosting multi-day professional tournaments, holes are almost always moved daily. To minimize the probability of recently-repaired holes affecting play, new flag-stick locations are at least 12 to 20 feet (3.7 to 6.1 meters) from the previous location, if not the previous two or three locations where feasible.
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