Game fish, sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically angling), and can be freshwater fish or saltwater fish. Game fish can be eaten after being caught, preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture. Some game fish are also targeted commercially, particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna.
Specimens of game fish whose fish measurement (body length and weight) significantly exceed the species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish, as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers.
Examples
The species of fish prized by anglers varies with geography and tradition. Some fish are sought for their value as
seafood, while others are pursued for their fighting abilities, or for the difficulty of successfully enticing the fish to bite the
fish hook.
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Big-game fishing or blue water game fish are large pelagic saltwater fish such as tuna, tarpon, grouper and billfish (sailfish, marlin and swordfish). Occasionally other such as , barracuda and dolphinfish are also pursued. Large powerful freshwater fish such as alligator gar, lake sturgeon and flathead catfish can also be considered big-game fish.
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Freshwater fish targeted by anglers in North America include bass (especially black bass), salmon/trout, Salvelinus, walleye/sauger, common snook, red drum, northern pike and muskellunge, sturgeon, gar and several catfish species. In Europe and Asia, large (e.g. , barbels, , , Leuciscus and tench), , freshwater (trout, Thymallus, Coregoninae and taimen), freshwater drum, Esox, catfish, and snakeheads are also popular, although many of them are regarded derogatorily as "trash fish", "dirt fish" or "pest fish" in America.
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Small/medium-sized freshwater fish routinely sought by anglers are called panfish in the United States, because they typically can fit wholly into a normal cooking pan without needing to be fish steak or fish fillet. Examples are , yellow perch, rock bass, and Lepomis (Centrarchidae). Panfish are often sought by younger, more inexperienced anglers, at least partly due to their proactivity to feed and the relative ease to be caught; although adult anglers sometimes consider them as "nuisance fish" due to their tendency to opportunistically strike the fishing bait/fishing lure intended for other larger fishes.
Some popular game fish have been introduced and fish stocking worldwide. Rainbow trout, for instance, can be found nearly anywhere the climate is appropriate, from their native range on the Pacific Coast of North America to the mountains of southern Africa,
Game-fish tagging programs
As part of the catch-and-release practice encouraged to promote conservation, tagging programs were established. Some of their goals are to improve the management of fishery resources and to keep records on
fish stocks, age, growth rates,
animal migration and
breed identification.
Some well-known tagging programs in the United States are the South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program and the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program. The South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program began in 1974 and it is now the largest public tagging program in the Southeastern United States. Anglers are trained and then receive a tag kit with tags, applicator, and instructions. When they tag a fish, anglers use a reply postcard they receive in advance to send the information on the tag number, tag date, location, species, and Measurement. This program issues anglers who tag and release 30 or more eligible species within a year a conservation award. When an angler recaptures a tagged fish, they then should report the recapture. If possible, the tag number and the mailing address should be reported, along with the location and date of the recapture, as well with the measurement of the fish. The objective is to provide biologists with the necessary information to determine growth rate through an accurate measurement.
Records
The official guide to world salt- and
freshwater fish records is the
World Record Game Fishes, published annually by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), which maintains records for nearly 400 species around the world. The records are categorised, with separate records for juniors, for the type of tackle and line used, for fly fishing, and locality records.
[ Fishing Book Review: World Record Game Fishes About.com. Retrieved 19 April 2009.] The IGFA also organize the world saltwater championship tournaments.
[ World Championship Tournaments – International Game Fish Association]
See also
Sources
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Dunn, Bob (2000) Saltwater Game Fishes of the World. Australian Fishing Network.
