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Fushun (p=Fǔshùn, historically Fuxi (撫西)) is a prefecture level city in Liaoning province, China, about east of Shenyang, with a total area of , of which is the city proper. Situated on the Hun River ("muddy river"), it is one of the industrial and economic development hubs in Liaoning.
The Jurchen (Manchu) leader Nurhachi married his granddaughter by his son Abatai to the Ming dynasty General Li Yongfang after Li surrendered Fushun in 1618 and defected to the Qing. One of Li Yongfang's descendants was sentenced to death by the Qianlong emperor, but his life was spared when he helped suppress the Lin Shuangwen rebellion.
Fushun was in ruins in the one-and-a-half centuries of early Qing dynasty. In 1783, the new walled city was completed southwest of the old city. In 1908, Fushun became the seat of Xingren County (t=興仁縣, later renamed to Fushun County). Fushun was occupied by Russia until 1905 and by Japan until 1945. With the Japanese victory over Imperial Russia and signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, the South Manchuria branch (from Changchun to Lüshun) of the China Far East Railway was transferred to Japanese control. South Manchuria Railway Company quickly expanded the system inherited from Russia to staggering proportions. Coal mines were developed at Fushun. Under the control of the Japanese and with 30 years of development, Fushun area became highly industrialized. Fushun gained city status in 1937.
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| 1 | Shuncheng District | 顺城区 | 472,920 | 379 | 1,248 | |
| 2 | Xinfu District | 新抚区 | 252,631 | 110 | 2,297 | |
| 3 | Dongzhou District | 东洲区 | 320,949 | 610 | 526 | |
| 4 | Wanghua District | 望花区 | 384,514 | 317 | 1,213 | |
| 5 | Fushun County | 抚顺县 | 162,588 | 1,647 | 99 | |
| 6 | Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County | 新宾满族自治县 | 254,118 | 4,288 | 59 | |
| 7 | Qingyuan Manchu Autonomous County | 清原满族自治县 | 290,370 | 3,924 | 74 | |
The total GDP of the city of Fushun was 54.27 billion yuan in 2009 (ranked 4th out of the 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province). The GDP per capita of the city of Fushun was 40391 yuan in 2009 (ranked 21st out of all 58 cities and counties in Liaoning province).
Fushun is known as "the capital of coal". The main coal and oil shale company is Fushun Mining Group, which produced about 6 million tons of coal in 2001, mainly blending coking coal and steam coal.
Fushun has developed through the utilization of the abundant natural mineral deposits found in the area and is a nationally important heavy industrial base for petroleum, chemical, metallurgy machinery and construction material industries. New sectors also becoming prominent are electronics, light industry, weaving and spinning.
In 1928, the commercial-scale production of shale oil began in Fushun with the construction of Fushun Coal Mine Temporary Oil Plant (links=no) of South Manchurian Railway, aka the Western Refinery (links=no), operating Fushun-type retorts.
From 1965 oil shale usage in Fushun started to decline with the discovery of Da Qing oil field in the 1960s. Sinopec, a shale oil producer during those times, shut down its oil shale operations in the beginning of the 1990s. At the same time, the Fushun Oil Shale Retorting Plant was established as a part of the Fushun Mining Group. It started production in 1992. In the same year, the China National Oil Shale Association was established in Fushun.
At the end of 2006, the Fushun Mining Group operated the largest shale oil plant in the world, consisting of seven retorting units with 20 retorts in each unit, for a total 140 sets of Fushun type retorts.
There are also two oil refineries. Fushun Petrochemical Company, a subsidiary of PetroChina, is building a refining and petrochemical complex in Fushun.
The 44 middle school is located in the second street, Xin Fu District. Location is close to Fushun's CBD. Transport is very convenient. All students come from this community. Because of the population's decline in current years there are not many students compared to 10 years ago. There were over 1000 students in the 1990s, while now around 200 students.
Although the number of students has dropped, the quality of education, the advanced learning facilities and modern school are still evident.
There are indoors gymnasium, big dance and musical instrument rooms. The play yard is all about synthetic surface track.
The 44 middle school is actually changed in term of their learning and teaching's facilities, equipment and school's building.
It represents new outlooks regarding middle-level education in a third-line city in China.
There are a number of historic and cultural sites. Fushun's success in applying for two UNESCO World Heritage sites is expected to attract more tourists. They include a site known as Xingjing City, the origin of the Qing Dynasty, which is within today's Fushun. It was the first capital of the Late Jin dynasty, dating to 1616. The second site contains the Yongling tombs, where several members of the royal household are buried.
In more recent times, Fushun was where Lei Feng was stationed as a soldier and died, and a memorial museum telling his life story is a popular attraction. It is located at Wang Hua District in Fushun. It was also in Fushun that the last emperor, Puyi, was imprisoned after the end of World War II. The Fushun War Criminal Prison is converted into a museum in 1986. Another war memorial, the Pingdingshan Tragedy Memorial Hall Ruins, tells the story of a massacre of Chinese people by the Japanese in 1931. It was rebuilt and expanded in 2007. It includes a pit filled with about 800 bodies—largely infants, adults, and the elderly who were killed by the Japanese.
The Ring of Life monument opened in 2013 and features an observation deck overseeing the city. This circular tower, 515-foot (approximately 157 meters) tall, cost over $15 million to build. It is covered with 12,000 LED lights.
Industrial development
Hydroelectric and thermal power are important locally available energy sources.
Transportation
Fushun is located from Shenyang Taoxian airport. Railways and highways connect the city to Shenyang and Jilin Province. The seaports of Dalian and Yingkou are also nearby, away respectively, with good highway connections.
Education
The highest-ranked institution of higher education is the Liaoning University of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, ranked 123rd in China overall. Fushun No.1 High School and Fushun No.2 High School are major high schools in Fushun.
Tourism
Fushun has high mountains and thick woods. Houshi National Forest Park, about from downtown Fushun, is rated by the central government as an AAAA tourist attraction. Saer Hu Scenic Area covers some . It includes the Dahuofang Reservoir, the largest man-made lake in northeast China.
Sports
The city used to be home of the Chinese Super League (soccer) team of Liaoning FC at Leifeng Stadium. However, when the team could not afford the rent at Leifeng Stadium it moved to Beijing, where it now plays out of Chaolai Soccer Base.
Notable figures
Other notable people
Sister cities
International
External links
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