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The Armenian duduk ( ; ) or tsiranapogh (, meaning "apricot-made wind instrument"), is a woodwind instrument made of wood originating from . "…which is indigenous to Armenia,…" , World Music: Africa, Europe and the Middle East p.335 Variations of the Armenian duduk appear throughout the , the , and the .

(2026). 9780816071586, Facts On File.
The duduk, balaban and mey are almost identical, except for historical and geographical differences. A COMPARATIVE VIEW OF THE MEY, BALABAN AND DUDUK AS ORGANOLOGICAL PHENOMENA

It is commonly played in pairs: while the first player plays the melody, the second plays a steady drone called dum, and the sound of the two instruments together creates a richer, more haunting sound. The unflattened reed and cylindrical body produce a sound closer to the than the or . Unlike other double reed instruments like the oboe or , the duduk has a very large reed proportional to its size.

proclaimed the Armenian duduk and its music as a Masterpiece of the Intangible Heritage of Humanity in 2005 and inscribed it in 2008. Duduk music has been used in a number of Hollywood films.

Etymology
Both the Russian book Musical Instruments Encyclopedia (Музыкальные инструменты. Энциклопедия) and American book Musical Instruments, A Comprehensive Dictionary give an ultimate origin of the name as Persian, the word tutak.

In Armenia, the instrument is also known as tsiranapogh ().

This instrument is not to be confused with the northwestern Bulgarian folk instrument of the same name (see below, Balkan duduk).

Overview
The duduk is a instrument with ancient origins, having existed since at least the fifth century, while there are Armenian scholars who believe it existed more than 1,500 years before that.
(1999). 9781858286358 .
The earliest instruments similar to the duduk's present form are made of bone or entirely of cane. Today, the duduk is exclusively made of wood with a large double reed, with the body made from aged wood.
(2026). 9781412981767, SAGE Publications.

The particular tuning depends heavily on the region in which it is played. An eight-hole duduk (not counting the thumb hole on the lower side) can play ten successive notes of a with simple fingering, or sixteen consecutive notes of a by half-covering holes. For example, an A duduk can play all the notes from F♯ to the A more than an octave higher. (Another reference gives different information.) By using the lips to "bend" notes and partially covering holes any pitch in this range can be produced, as required for Oriental music. The instrument's body has different lengths depending upon the range of the instrument and region. The reed (Armenian: , eġegn), is made from one or two pieces of cane in a duck-bill type assembly. Unlike other double-reed instruments, the reed is quite wide, helping to give the duduk both its unique, mournful sound, as well as its remarkable breathing requirements. The duduk player is called dudukahar () in Armenian.

The performers use air stored in their cheeks to keep playing the instrument while they inhale air into their lungs. This "circular" breathing technique is commonly used with all the double-reed instruments in the Middle East.

Duduk "is invariably played with the accompaniment of a second dum duduk, which gives the music an energy and tonic atmosphere, changing the scale harmoniously with the principal duduk." Duduk Info at Ethnicinstruments.co.uk

History
Armenian musicologists cite evidence of the duduk's use as early as 1200 BC, though Western scholars suggest it is 1,500 years old. Variants of the duduk can be found in and the . The history of the Armenian duduk music is dated to the reign of the Armenian king Tigran the Great, who reigned from 95 to 55 B.C."The roots of Armenian duduk music go back to the times of the Armenian king Tigran the Great (95-55 BC)": " The Duduk and its Music . . Accessed February 8, 2010. According to ethnomusicologist Dr. Jonathan McCollum, the instrument is depicted in numerous Armenian manuscripts of the Middle Ages, and is "actually the only truly Armenian instrument that's survived through history, and as such is a symbol of Armenian national identity ... The most important quality of the duduk is its ability to express the language dialectic and mood of the Armenian language, which is often the most challenging quality to a duduk player."

Balkan duduk
While "duduk" most commonly refers to the instrument described on this page, there is a very similar instrument played in northwestern Bulgaria. This is a blocked-end flute known as a , resembling the Serbian , or kavalče in a part of North Macedonia, www.macedoniadirect.com/instruments/supelki.htm and as duduk in northwest Bulgaria.For a detailed description of the instrument (in Bulgarian), see Made of maple or other wood, it comes in two sizes: and (duduce). The blocked end is flat.

In popular culture
The sound of the duduk has become known to wider audiences through its use in popular film soundtracks. Starting with 's score for 's The Last Temptation of Christ, the duduk's archaic and mournful sound has been employed in a variety of genres to depict such moods. Djivan Gasparyan played the duduk in Gladiator, , and Blood Diamond, among others. It was also used extensively in Battlestar Galactica. In the TV series , its computer-altered sound was given to the fictitious Tsungi horn, most notably played by Iroh and often being featured in the show's soundtrack. With many of the members who worked on now working on The Dragon Prince, the duduk regularly appears in its soundtrack as well. The sound of the duduk was also used in for a lullaby which Mr. Tumnus plays on a fictitious double flute, and was featured in the theme song of the Dothraki clan during the TV adaptation Game of Thrones. No flutes allowed: Composer Ramin Djawadi on the music of 'Game of Thrones' ,

Armenia's entry in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest, "," featured Armenian musician playing the duduk.

Film soundtracks
The Armenian duduk has been used in a number of films, especially "to denote otherworldliness, loneliness, and mourning or to supply a Middle Eastern/Central Asian atmosphere".
(2026). 9780810877658, .

Television soundtracks
  • Angel by Rob Kral
  • by features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of , most notably in the tracks "Iroh's Tsungi Horn" and "The Blue Spirit"
  • Battlestar Galactica (2004 TV series) by . Its tracks "Two Funerals", "Starbuck on the Red Moon", "Escape from the Farm", "Colonial Anthem, "Black Market", "Something Dark is Coming", "Martial Law", "Prelude to War" feature the duduk. Roslin's theme was set to lyrics a second time for the third-season premiere "Occupation", this time in Armenian.
  • Buffy the Vampire Slayer by , Tomas Wanker, Rob Dunkin,
  • Castle by Robert Duncan
  • Children of Dune by Brian Tyler in the tracks "Dune Messiah", "The Throne of Alia", "The Preacher At Arrakeen", "Farewell"
  • by Michael A. Levine
  • CSI: New York by Bill Brown
  • Firefly by
  • Game of Thrones by features the instrument in Daenerys Targaryen's theme
  • JAG by Steve Bramson
  • The Mummy Who Would Be King by Gil Talmi,
  • Over There by
  • The Pacific by and
  • Path to 9/11 by John Cameron
  • Rome by
  • The Dragon Prince by Frederik Wiedmann
  • Spartacus by Randy Miller. Track Second Thought
  • by
  • Yu-Gi-Oh! by Wayne Sharpe
  • by Joseph Loduca
  • by Bear McCreary features this instrument in settings of the Númenor theme.
  • Foundation (TV series) by features the instrument in a recurring motif associated with the character of Gaal Dornick.

Video game scores

Popular music
  • "Come Talk to Me" by (from the 1992 album Us)
  • "Zachem Ya" by t.A.T.u. (from the 2001 album 200 Po Vstrechnoy)
  • "Prelude & Nostalgia" by (from the 1997 album Tribute)
  • "Prelude & Nostalgia" by (from the 2006 album Yanni Live! The Concert Event)
  • "Science" and "Arto" (Hidden Track) by System of a Down (from the 2001 album Toxicity)
  • "" (2005) and "Back in Brazil" (2018) by
  • "All That I Am" by Rob Thomas (from the 2006 album ...Something to Be)
  • "Touching the Void" by Soulfly (from the 2008 album Conquer)
  • "Qélé, Qélé" by (from the 2008 Eurovision Song Contest Armenian entry)
  • "1944" by (2015)
  • "Soulfly X" by (from the 2015 album Archangel)
  • "Model Village" by Gong (band) (from the 2016 album Rejoice! I'm Dead!)
  • "Come Along" by (from the 2017 album "The Much Much How How and I", and featured in advertisements for Apple's in the UK, USA, and Canada)
  • "Meeting" album by A.G.A. Trio with Arsen Petrosyan on Duduk (2020 by NAXOS WORLD)

Anime soundtracks
  • by Cécile Corbel, in the track "Sho's Song - Instrumental Version"
  • Tales from Earthsea by Tamiya Terashima, in the tracks "The Trip", "The Spider" and "Violent Robbery/The Seduction of the Undead".

See also

Further reading

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