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Crotales
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Crotales (, Merriam-Webster Dictionary, s.v. "crotales", accessed February 9, 2022.), sometimes called antique cymbals, are percussion instruments consisting of small, bronze or brass disks. Each is about in diameter with a flat top surface and a nipple on the base. They are commonly played by being struck with hard mallets. However, they may also be played by striking two disks together in the same manner as , or by bowing. Their sound is rather like a small tuned bell, only with a much brighter sound and a much longer resonance. Similar to tuned finger cymbals, crotales are thicker and larger; they also have slight grooves in them. The name comes from the Greek , for a or rattle.

Modern crotales are arranged and have a range of up to two . They are typically available in sets (commonly one octave) but may also be purchased individually. Crotales are treated as transposing instruments; music for crotales is written two octaves lower than the sounding pitch to minimize .


Uses
One of the earliest uses of crotales in the orchestral repertoire is 's Roméo et Juliette (1839). Other classical pieces featuring crotales include 's Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, 's orchestration of his and 's Cello Concerto.Karl Peinkofer and Fritz Tannigel, Handbook of Percussion Instruments, (Mainz, Germany: Schott, 1976), 61.

The contemporary American composer John Adams uses them in many of his more colorful orchestral pieces such as Short Ride in a Fast Machine.May, Thomas (ed.). The John Adams Reader: Essential Writings on an American Composer. Pompton Plains, N.J.: Amadeus, 2006. p. 108 Composer uses crotales in her oratorio Fire in my mouth.

Crotales are also found in popular music, particularly in rock music. of Rush used them as part of his basic for several years, featuring them in the introduction to the instrumental "YYZ", and Alan White of Yes used them in the middle instrumental section of "Awaken" from Going for the One. The Bengsons use them in the instrumentation of their Off-Broadway show "Hundred Days." drummer uses them live on the Yankee Hotel Foxtrot song "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart".


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