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Colloquialism (also called colloquial language, everyday language, or general parlance) is the linguistic style used for casual (informal) communication. It is the most common functional style of speech, the language normally employed in casual conversation and other informal . Colloquialism is characterized by the frequent use of expressive phrases, idioms, anthropocentrism, and a lack of specialized focus, and has a rapidly changing lexicon. It can also be distinguished by its usage of formulations with incomplete logical and syntactic ordering.
A specific instance of such language is termed a colloquialism. The most common term used in dictionaries to label such an expression is colloquial.
Some colloquial language contains a great deal of slang, but some contains no slang at all. Slang is often used in colloquial speech, but this particular register is restricted to particular in-groups, and it is not a necessary element of colloquialism. Other examples of colloquial usage in English include contractions or profanity.
"Colloquial" should be distinguished from "non-standard". The difference between standard and non-standard is not strictly connected to the difference between formal and colloquial. As shown by Peter Trudgill in his discussion of standard English, formal, colloquial, and vulgar language are more a matter of stylistic variation and diction, rather than of the standard and non-standard dichotomy. However, the term "colloquial" may be equated with "non-standard" at times, in certain contexts and terminological conventions.
In the philosophy of language, "colloquial language" is ordinary natural language, as distinct from specialized forms used in logic or other areas of philosophy. In the field of logical atomism, meaning is evaluated in a different way than with more formal .
In biology, colloquial names are called "common names". Common pests often have common names. For example, armadillidiidae are often called "rollie pollies", while fly larvae are frequently called "maggots".
In medicine, types of musculoskeletal injuries and fractures have colloquial names. For example, the lateral epicondylitis injury is colloquially referred to as "tennis elbow".
In professional environments, colloquialisms often incorporate figures of speech. For example, when counter-arguing why an action ought not be performed, one may colloquially ask "why in God's name not?"
Jargon is terminology that is explicitly defined in relationship to a specific activity, profession, or group. The term refers to the language used by people who work in a particular area or who have a common interest. Similar to slang, it is shorthand used to express ideas, people, and things that are frequently discussed between members of a group. Unlike slang, it is often developed deliberately.
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