Cloperastine (INN) or cloperastin, in the forms of cloperastine hydrochloride (JAN) (brand names Hustazol, Nitossil, Seki) and cloperastine fendizoate, is an antitussive and antihistamine that is marketed as a cough suppressant in Japan, Hong Kong, Brazil and in some countries.
Side effects
Adverse effects may include sedation, drowsiness, heartburn, and thickening of bronchial secretions.
Pharmacology
The precise mechanism of action of cloperastine is not fully clear, but several different biological activities have been identified for the drug, of which include: ligand of the σ
1 receptor (K
i = 20 nM) (likely an
agonist),
GIRK channel
channel blocker (described as "potent"),
(K
i = 3.8 nM for the H
1 receptor),
and
anticholinergic.
It is thought that the latter two properties contribute to
, such as
sedation and
somnolence, while the former two may be involved in or responsible for the antitussive efficacy of cloperastine.
Synthesis
The halogenation of 4-Chlorobenzhydrol 119-56-2 (
1) with phosphorus tribromide in tetrachloromethane gives 1-(Bromophenylmethyl)-4-chlorobenzene 948-54-9 (
2). Treatment with ethylenechlorohydrin (2-Chloroethanol) 107-07-3 (
3) gives 1-(4-Chlorobenzhydryl)oxy-2-chloroethane 5321-46-0 (
4). Reaction with
piperidine (
5) completes the synthesis of
Cloperastine (
6).
See also
