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The chondrocranium (or cartilaginous neurocranium) is the primitive cartilage skeleton structure of the fetal skull that grows to envelop the rapidly growing brain.Salentijn, L. Biology of Mineralized Tissues: Prenatal Skull Development, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine post-graduate dental lecture series, 2007
The chondrocranium in different species can vary greatly, but in general it is made up of four components, the sphenoids, occipitals, otic capsules, and nasal capsules.
In , the chondrocranium begins forming at 28 days from mesenchyme condensations and is fully formed between week 7 and 9 of fetal development. While the majority of the chondrocranium is succeeded by the bony skull, some components do persist into adulthood. In Chondrichthyes (e.g. and Batoidea) and (e.g. and hagfish), the chondrocranium persists throughout life.Kent, G.C & Miller, L. (1997): Comparative Anatomy of the Vertebrates. Wm. C. Brown Publishers. . Embryology, the chondrocranium represents the basal cranial structure, and lays the base for the formation of the endocranium.Romer, Alfred Sherwood (1977). 003910284X, Holt-Saunders International. 003910284X
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