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In chemistry, a cavitand is a container-shaped molecule. The cavity of the cavitand allows it to engage in host–guest chemistry with guest molecules of a complementary shape and size. The original definition proposed by Cram includes many classes of molecules: cyclodextrins, , and . However, modern usage in the field of supramolecular chemistry specifically refers to cavitands formed on a resorcinarene scaffold by bridging adjacent phenolic units. (2025). 9780128031995, Elsevier. ISBN 9780128031995 The simplest bridging unit is methylene (), although dimethylene (), trimethylene (), benzyl, xylene, pyridine, quinoxaline, dinitrobenzene, dialkylsilylene, and are known. Cavitands that have an extended aromatic bridging unit, or an extended cavity containing 3 rows of aromatic rings are referred to as deep-cavity cavitands and have broad applications in host-guest chemistry. (2025). 9783319318677, Springer. ISBN 9783319318677 (2025). 9780128031995, Elsevier. ISBN 9780128031995 These types of cavitands were extensively investigated by Julius Rebek, and Gibb, among others.
Silicon surfaces Functional group with tetraphosphonate cavitands have been used to singularly detect sarcosine in water and urine solutions.
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