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A bush plane or bushplane is a used to provide both scheduled and unscheduled passenger and flight services to remote, undeveloped areas, such as the or , , the African bush, or , Amazon rainforest and the Australian . They are used where ground transportation infrastructure is inadequate or does not exist.

Common traits
A bush plane is defined by how it is used, and many different aircraft with different configurations have been so used over the years. However, experience has shown certain traits to be desirable (though not mandatory), especially on aircraft specifically designed as bush planes.
  • designed to be fitted with floats, or wheel/skis to permit operation from water or snow—primarily for Canadian, Alaskan and Russian use.
  • High ease loading and unloading, particularly from docks; improve downward visibility during flight; and increase clearance to reduce the potential for damage during landing, take-off, loading, and unloading.
  • Conventional or "tail dragger" landing gear—two large main wheels and a small rear wheel—reduces both weight and drag, increasing the aircraft's speed and useful load. It reduces stress on the airframe compared to a nosewheel. A failure is also less critical, as a broken tailwheel is easily repaired and does not prevent the aircraft from flying, unlike a broken nose wheel.
  • and low-speed flight characteristics are typically improved by high aspect ratio wings and such as flaps, slots and slats.
  • Very large, low-pressure may be fitted to enable the pilot to operate from broken ground. It is not uncommon for a to land and take off from unprepared surfaces.
  • are preferred over , as they are cheaper to build and maintain and easier to start without the aid of ground facilities. In extremely remote areas where can be difficult to acquire, some bush pilots prefer turboprop engines that can burn kerosene-derived .

Current and historical bush planes
Years in brackets are of first flight.

  • (1984)
  • Aermacchi AL-60 (1959)
  • Antonov An-2 (1947)
  • Antonov An-14 (1958)
  • Antonov An-28 (1968)
  • Antonov An-38 (1994)
  • (1945)
  • (1986)
  • (1926)Anderson, 2004, p.82Foster, 1990, p.74-79
  • (1935)Foster, 1990, p.189-191
  • (1942)
  • Bach T-11P (1927)
  • Barkley-Grow T8P-1 (1937)
  • (1995)
  • Beechcraft Model 17 Staggerwing (1932)Foster, 1990, p.174, 190
  • Beechcraft Model 18 (1937)Foster, 1990, p.191
  • Bellanca CH-300 Pacemaker (1929)Anderson, 2004, p.31Foster, 1990, p.97, 102, 175
  • Bellanca CH-400 Skyrocket (1930)
  • Bellanca Aircruiser (1930)Foster, 1990, p.156
  • Bellanca Senior Pacemaker (1935)
  • Bellanca Senior Skyrocket (1935)
  • Boeing B1E (1928)Foster, 1990, p.64-65, 156
  • Bristol Freighter (1945)
  • Britten-Norman BN-2 Islander (1965)
  • (1928)
  • Bushcaddy L-162 Max (1995)
  • Bushcaddy L-164 (2007)
  • Canadian Vickers Vedette (1924)
  • Cessna Crane (1939)
  • Cessna 172 (1956)
  • Cessna 180 (1952)
  • Cessna 182 Skylane (1956)
  • Cessna 185 Skywagon (1960)
  • Cessna 206 Stationair (1962)
  • Cessna 208 Caravan (1982)
  • Champion Citabria (1964)
  • Consolidated Catalina/Canso (1935)Foster, 1990, p.191, 197
  • CubCrafters CC19 XCub (2016)
  • (1917)Foster, 1990, p.43-45
  • Curtiss Lark (1925)Foster, 1990, p.48
  • (1928)
  • (1929)
  • Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando (1940)
  • Curtiss-Wright Junior (1930)
  • de Havilland DH.60 Moth (1925)Cole, 1986, p.4Foster, 1990, p.74, 131, 188
  • de Havilland DH.61 Giant Moth (1927)Foster, 1990, p.139
  • de Havilland DH.82 Tiger Moth (1931)
  • de Havilland DH.83 Fox Moth (1932)Foster, 1990, p.105, 200
  • de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide (1934)Foster, 1990, p.173, 190
  • de Havilland DH.90 Dragonfly (1935)
  • de Havilland Australia DHA-3 Drover (1948)
  • de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver (1947)Foster, 1990, p.199
  • de Havilland Canada DHC-3 Otter (1951)Foster, 1990, p.199, 201
  • de Havilland Canada DHC-4 Caribou (1958)
  • de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (1965)Foster, 1990, p.202, 207, 210
  • Dornier Do 27 (1955)
  • (1930)
  • Douglas DC-3/Douglas C-47 (1935)Foster, 1990, p.177, 188
  • Douglas DC-4 (1942)Foster, 1990, p.204
  • Eastman E-2 Sea Rover (1928)Cole, 1986, p.34-38
  • Evangel 4500 (1964)
  • Fairchild 24 (1932)
  • Fairchild C-82 Packet (1944)
  • Fairchild FC-2/51 (1926)Foster, 1990, p.135
  • Fairchild 71 (1926)Foster, 1990, p.107, 115, 138
  • Fairchild Super 71 (1934)Foster, 1990, p.136, 138
  • Fairchild 100 (1930)Cole, 1986, p.49-55
  • Fairchild 82 (1935)
  • Fairchild F-11 Husky (1946)
  • Fieseler Fi 156 Storch (1936)
  • Fleet Freighter (1938)
  • (1926)Foster, 1990, p.4Foster, 1990, p.53, 56-57
  • Fokker Super Universal (1928)Foster, 1990, p.52-53, 56-57, 70-71
  • Fokker F.11 (1928)Cole, 1986, p.39-42
  • (1926)Foster, 1990, p.152, 155
  • Found FBA-2 (1960)
  • (1971)
  • Gippsland GA8 (1995)
  • Gippsland GA10 (2012)
  • Grumman Goose (1937)Foster, 1990, p.207-208
  • Grumman Widgeon (1940)Foster, 1990, p.197
  • Grumman Mallard (1946)Foster, 1990, p.204, 208
  • Halpin Flamingo (1929)
  • Hamilton H-47 (1928)
  • (1954)
  • Howard DGA-8/9/11/12 (1936)
  • Howard DGA-15 (1939)
  • Johns Ra-Son Warrior (1947)
  • Junkers F.13 (1919)Foster, 1990, p.36-41
  • Junkers G 31 (1926)
  • Junkers W 33 (1926)Foster, 1990, p.180
  • Junkers W 34 (1926)Foster, 1990, p.101-102, 158, 166, 188.
  • Junkers Ju 52/1m (1930)Foster, 1990, p.180-181
  • (1984)
  • (1960)
  • (1927)Foster, 1990, p.95-98
  • Lockheed Model 18 Lodestar (1939)
  • Max Holste Broussard (1952)
  • Maule M-7 (1984)
  • (1990)
  • (1995)
  • (1996)
  • Noorduyn Norseman (1935)Foster, 1990, p.142-143, 174, 188
  • Northrop N-23 Pioneer (1946)
  • (1968)
  • PAC P-750 XSTOL (2001)
  • Piper J-3 Cub (1938)
  • Piper PA-18 Super Cub (1949)Foster, 1990, p.195, 198
  • Piper PA-22 Bushmaster
  • Piper PA-23 (1952)
  • Pipistrel Virus SW (2006)
  • Pilatus PC-6 Porter/Turbo Porter (1959)
  • Polikarpov Po-2 (1927)
  • PZL-104 Wilga (1962)
  • (2004)
  • Rans S-7 Courier (1985)
  • Republic RC-3 Seabee (1945)
  • (1982)
  • (1927)
  • Shavrov Sh-2 (1930)
  • Short SC.7 Skyvan (1963)
  • Sikorsky S-38 (1928)
  • Sikorsky S-39 (1929)
  • Stearman C3 (1927)
  • Stearman M-2 (1929)
  • Stearman 4 (1930)
  • Stinson Detroiter (1926)
  • (1928)Cole, 1986, p.45-48
  • Stinson Model A (1934)
  • (1933)
  • (1939)
  • Stinson 108 (1946)
  • Supermarine Sea Otter (converted after 2nd World War)
  • Technoavia SM92 Finist (1993)
  • Travel Air 6000 (1928)
  • (1919)Foster, 1990, p.47
  • Waco 10 (1927)
  • Waco Standard Cabin series (1931)
  • Waco AQC-6/Waco ZQC-6 Freighter (1936)Foster, 1990, p.194
  • Westland Limousine (1919)
  • (2010)
  • Yakovlev Yak-12 (1947)
  • Zenith STOL CH 701 (1986)

Aviation museums with large collections of bush planes
  • Alberta Aviation Museum
  • Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum
  • Canada Aviation and Space Museum
  • Canadian Bushplane Heritage Centre
  • Pioneer Air Museum
  • Western Canada Aviation Museum

See also

Citations
Bibliography

External links

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