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Brunsvigia is a genus of African in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae. It contains about 20 species native to southeastern and southern Africa from Tanzania to the Cape Provinces of South Africa.
The leaves are annual plant; when mature, the leaves are broad and oblong to tongue-shaped. In species with small bulbs – B. radula, B. comptonii, and B. namaquana – there are just two or three leaves per plant but most other species have at least four leaves per bulb. B. josephinae has the distinction of producing as many as 20 leaves. The leaves mostly lie flat on the ground and sometimes press down so firmly that they lie vertically if the bulb is dug up. Only in B. litoralis, B. josephinae, B. grandiflora, B. undulata and B. herrei do the leaves stand clear of the ground. Although usually smooth, the upper leaf surfaces of two Namaqualand species ( B. radula and B. namaquana) are covered with straw-coloured bristles and in some populations of B. striata from the southern Cape, they bear soft, scale-like hairs. In the winter rainfall region of southern Africa, the foliage is produced after the flowering heads have been shed, whereas in the summer rainfall region the vegetative and flowering stages often overlap.
The , a few- to many-flowered , are particularly conspicuous. In most species the pedicels are long, stiff, straight and radiate outwards to form an almost perfectly spherical head; they elongate and spread after blooming. However, B. litoralis, B. josephinae and B. orientalis differ in having pedicels that curve below each flower. Just three species ( B. pulchra, B. marginata and B. elandsmontana) have compact, brush-like inflorescences. The flowers are zygomorphic or almost actinomorphic with short tube, segments spreading-recurved. The six of each flower are free to the base or shortly fused into a tube. Radially symmetrical, trumpet-shaped flowers occur in species with compact, dense inflorescences, whereas bilaterally symmetrical flowers occur in species with open, lax heads. In B. comptonii, B. radula and B. namaquana the flowers are highly asymmetrical as all but one tepal curve upwards. Often the flowers are scented and all produce nectar. Their colour vary from ruby-red to brilliant scarlet or pale to bright pink and in some species the entire inflorescence is attractively coloured. Pink flowers are the norm, whereas red flowers are found in B. marginata, B. orientalis, B. litoralis and B. josephinae. Floral markings are often variable within species but dark veins on the tepals are characteristic for B. bosmaniae and B. gregaria. When in flower, the plants are spectacular but the flowering period is brief and restricted to summer and autumn.
clustered, arising from the perianth tube, ± declinate or erect, shortly connation at base. Stigma capitate, trilobate (three-lobed). Each locule has 3-10 superimposed whose shape resembles a spinning top. Style filiform, declinate. The water-rich, non-dormant, ovoid, reddish green seeds are borne in large, dry capsules that are spindle-shaped or three-angled, obtuse or acute, transversally veined, and often heavily ribbed. Capsules are dehiscent loculicidally or breaking unevenly. Dehiscence in most species of Brunsvigia is somewhat tardy and confined to the apex of the capsule, hampered below by heavy ribs that keep the septa closed for most of their length.
/ref> The type species is not designated. The genus Brunsvigia was named after the [Duchy-Lüneburg]],Meier, U. (2006, March 3). Die Brunsvigia - die Pflanze Braunschweigs - Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte unserer Stadt. Braunschweig Spiegel. Retrieved January 17, 2025, from http://archiv.braunschweig-spiegel.de/index.php/kultur/146-brunsvigia-die-pflanze-braunschweigs specifically honouring the Duke of Brunswick who promoted the study of plants, including the beautiful Cape species B. orientalis. The name was first used in 1753 by Lorenz Heister, a German surgeon and botanist, to describe a single bulb received in 1748 by Gustaaf Willem van Imhoff from Ryk Tulbagh at the Cape Colony. "Flowers of Southern Africa" - Auriol Batten (Southern, 1988)
| northwest and southwest Cape province |
| western Karoo |
| Western Cape |
| Cape province |
| Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, and the Free State. |
| Cape province |
| Namibia southward into Namaqualand. |
| western Cape to the western Karoo |
| Tanzania to Malawi. |
| southeastern Cape |
| western Cape. |
| Namaqualand. |
| South Africa |
| Cape province |
| Western Cape. |
| Namaqualand |
| Namaqualand |
| Eastern Cape and the Orange Free State. |
| Eastern Cape. |
/ref> in sandy, well-draining soil. It occurs both in winter rainfall and summer rainfall regions.
/ref> and invasive plants.McMaster, C. (2007). The spectacular Brunsvigias. Farmer’s Weekly, 24–25.
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