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Bice, from the French bis, originally meaning dark-coloured, is a green or blue pigment. In French language the terms vert bis and azur bis mean dark green and dark blue respectively. Bice pigments were generally prepared from basic copper , but sometimes ultramarine or other pigments were used.
Jo Kirby of the National Gallery London notes the occurrence of the pigment bice in three grades in an account of Sergeant Painter at Greenwich Palace in 1527. In this case, the three grades indicate the use of the mineral azurite rather than a manufactured blue copper carbonate. Similarly, green bice in other 16th-records may sometimes have been the mineral malachite.Roskill & Hand, ed., Hans Holbein, Paintings, Prints, and Reception (Yale, 2001), p. 119. John "Paynter", who worked for Bess of Hardwick, used blue bice in 1596.Basil Stallybrass, 'Bess of Hardwick's Building Accounts', Archaeologia, 64 (1913), pp. 382–84
Ian Bristow, a historian of paint, concluded that the pigment blue bice found in records of British interior-decoration until the first half of the 17th century was azurite. The expensive natural mineral azurite was superseded by manufactured blue verditer.Bristow, Ian C., Interior house-Painting Colours and Technology, 1615-1640 (Yale, 1996), p. 17.
The color is also referenced in Edith Nesbit's novel The Story of the Treasure Seekers: "...Alice looked up from her painting. She was trying to paint a fairy queen's frock with green bice, and it wouldn't rub. There is something funny about green bice. It never will rub off; no matter how expensive your paintbox is-and even boiling water is very little use. She said, ‘Bother the bice’!..."Chapter 9 of "The Treasure Seekers" by E.Nesbit
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