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Kamal al-Din Maytham ibn Ali (; 1238–1299), commonly known by the al-Bahrani (), was a leading thirteenth-century Twelver theologian, author and philosopher. Al Bahrani wrote on Twelver doctrine, affirmed free will, the infallibility of prophets and imams, the appointed imamate of `Ali, and the occultation of the Twelfth Imam.Juan Cole, Sacred Space and Holy War, IB Tauris, 2007 p33 Along with Kamal al-Din Ibn Sa’adah al Bahrani and Jamal al-Din ‘Ali ibn Sulayman al-Bahrani, Maytham Al Bahrani was part of a thirteenth-century Bahrain school of theology that emphasised rationalism.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda G. Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p331
At the same time, Maytham Al Bahrani was profoundly influenced by the disciplines of philosophy and mysticism.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p332 He wrote widely on theology related philosophical issues such as epistemology and ontology.
According to University of Bahrain academic Ali Al Oraibi, Al Bahrani's scholarship was influenced by both Imami and Sunni sources:
In the thirteenth century, Twelvers – particularly mysticsAli Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p333 – were a growing influence in Bahrain, which had previously been dominated by the Ismaili Qarmatian sect.
The Bahrain school of thought's integration of philosophy and mysticism into Imami Shi'ism had an enduring legacy, influencing fourteenth-century theologians such as Ibn Abi Jumhur al-Ahsai'i. Politically, the intellectual vitality of al-Bahrani and his contemporaries is credited with converting the Ilkhanid monarch, Mohammed Khudabandeh, to convert to Shi'ism and announce a Shia state.Ali Al Oraibi, Rationalism in the school of Bahrain: a historical perspective, in Shīʻite Heritage: Essays on Classical and Modern Traditions By Lynda Clarke, Global Academic Publishing 2001 p336
He is buried in Mahooz, Bahrain, where a shrine and mosque have been constructed.
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