Adipokine

 ( Cytokines ) 

The adipokines, or adipocytokines (Greek adipo-, fat; cytos-, cell; and -kinos, movement) are (cell signaling ) secreted by adipose tissue. Some contribute to an obesity-related low-grade state of inflammation or to the development of metabolic syndrome, a constellation of diseases including, but not limited to, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. The first adipokine to be discovered was leptin in 1994. Since that time, hundreds of adipokines have been discovered.

Members include:

• Leptin
• Adiponectin
• ApelinGuo L, Li Q, Wang W, Yu P, Pan H, Li P, Sun Y, Zhang J. Endocr Res. 2009; 34(4):142–154.
• chemerinMacDougald1, Ormond A. and Burant, Charles F. (September 2007) "The Rapidly Expanding Family of Adipokines" Cell Metabolism 6: pp. 159–161
• interleukin-6 (IL-6)Monzillo, Lais U. (2003) "Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance" Obesity Research 11(9): pp. 1048–1054
• monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1)Christiansen T., Richelsen B., and Bruun J.M. (2005) "Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects" International Journal of Obesity 29: pp. 146–150
• plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)
• retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4)
• tumor necrosis factor
• visfatin
• omentin
• vaspin (SERPINA12)
• progranulin
• CTRP-4

Interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 10 (IL-10), interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and inducible protein 10 (IP-10 or CXCL10) have been shown to be associated with excessive body weight.

• Adipose tissue
• Hepatokine
• Myokine