Acylation

 ( Organic Reactions ) 

In chemistry, acylation is a broad class of chemical reactions in which an acyl group () is added to a substrate. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent. The substrate to be acylated and the product include the following:

• alcohols,
• Amine,
• arenes or Alkene,
  坚 裴 (2025). 9787301272121, 北京大学出版社. ISBN 9787301272121

A particularly common type of acylation is acetylation, the addition of the acetyl group. Closely related to acylation is formylation, which employ sources of "HCO⁺ in place of "RCO⁺".

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Examples Because they form a strong electrophile when treated with , are commonly used as acylating agents. For example, Friedel–Crafts acylation uses acetyl chloride () as the agent and aluminum chloride () as a catalyst to add an acetyl group to benzene:

(2025). 9781305580350, Cengage Learning. . ISBN 9781305580350

This reaction is an example of electrophilic aromatic substitution.

and of are also common acylating agents. In some cases, exhibit comparable reactivity. All react with to form and with alcohols to form by nucleophilic acyl substitution.

Acylation can be used to prevent rearrangement reactions that would normally occur in alkylation. To do this an acylation reaction is performed, then the carbonyl is removed by Clemmensen reduction or a similar process.

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Acylation in biology Protein acylation is the post-translational modification of Protein via the attachment of through acyl linkages. Protein acylation has been observed as a mechanism controlling biological signaling. One prominent type is fatty acylation, the addition of Fatty acid to particular Amino acid (e.g. myristoylation, palmitoylation or palmitoleoylation). Different types of fatty acids engage in global protein acylation. Palmitoleoylation is an acylation type where the monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleic acid is covalently attached to serine or threonine Protein residue.

(2016). 9783319460956 ISBN 9783319460956

Palmitoleoylation appears to play a significant role in the trafficking, targeting, and function of Wnt proteins.

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See also

• Hydroacylation
• Acetyl
• Ketene

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