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Zoskales () Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, 5 () was a King of the Kingdom of Aksum.
At least as early as Henry Salt, some scholars, including Sergew Hable Sellassie Ancient and Medieval Ethiopian History to 1270 (Addis Ababa: 1972), p. 72 and Y. M. Kobishchanov, Axum (University Park: 1979), pp. 54-5 have identified him with Za Haqala, who is listed in the King Lists of the Kingdom of Aksum as having ruled for 13 years, and who ruled between Za Zalis and Za Dembalé.Salt, A Voyage to Abyssinia (Philadelphia, 1816), p. 358 The identification of Zoskales with Za Haqala is unlikely given the kings list post-dates the periplus by well over a thousand years.
G.W.B. Huntingford points out, on the other hand, that there is not enough information to be certain of this identification. He argues instead that Zoskales was a petty king whose power was limited to only Adulis.Quoted in Paul B. Henze, Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia (New York: Palgrave, 2000), p. 18 It was initially assumed that Zoskales was not a king of Aksum because the periplus does not specifically refer to him as a king of Aksum, but instead mentions him in the context of the commerce of Adulis. George Hatke concludes that a realm as vast as Zoskales would likely have been based in the more fertile highlands where Aksum was situated rather than in Adulis. This is because the coastal plain of Eritrea, which is around 40-60 km wide, is mostly unsuitable for agriculture to support a state as extensive as Zoskales realm. Zoskales likely maintained various residences across his realm and regularly stayed at each, a practice common among kings in history, such as medieval Ethiopian monarchs.
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