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Zidisha is a peer-to-peer microfinance service that allows people to lend small amounts of money directly to entrepreneurs in developing countries. It is the first peer-to-peer microlending service to link borrowers and lenders across international borders without a local microfinance institution intermediary. The organization is named after the Swahili language word zidisha (), which means "grow" or "expand".
The Zidisha website facilitates microlending transactions between individual web users worldwide and computer-literate, low-income entrepreneurs in developing countries. Users can fund loans, which borrowers use to develop businesses that improve their families' incomes. Borrowers can share business updates and communicate with lenders as they repay loans.
After visiting Niger as Portfolio Analyst for the US African Development Foundation, Kurnia became disillusioned with foreign aid. In 2006, she co-founded the Senegal Ecovillage Microfinance (SEM) Fund with John Fay and Nan Guslander. To keep financing and salary costs low, SEM raised money from the online microlending portal Kiva at 0% interest, and its three co-founders all went without salaries and volunteered their time.
SEM struggled with the sustainability of their model, as they were unwilling to raise interest rates to cover the cost of renting an office and hire loan officers and also unable to find outside donors. Eventually, Kurnia left in August 2009, and SEM began to struggle with delinquent loans, with its portfolio reaching a high of 77.4% delinquency in December, 2010. In response, SEM's team stopped making new loans and focused on collecting funds from their existing borrowers. Kurnia had donated $30k to subsidize SEM's operating costs, but once those donated funds and others ran out, the organization defaulted on 5.1% of its loans and Kiva closed its partnership with SEM in March 2012.
Kurnia's experience at SEM gave her visibility into the high operational costs of traditional microlenders. By 2008, Internet access in developing nations had become widely available enough to make direct peer-to-peer microlending feasible. Kurnia founded Zidisha to connect lenders and borrowers directly, thereby reducing borrower costs.
Zidisha relaunched in January 2014 as one of the first seven non-profits funded by seed accelerator Y Combinator. In March 2014, Y Combinator partner Paul Buchheit donated $100k in a bid to further promote Zidisha online.
As of May 2015, Zidisha has financed $3.4 million in loans to 12,225 borrowers. Zidisha Inc results are distinguished from Zidisha Community. The non-profit is not a lender; it carries no loans on its books.
2. Approved applicants post a loan request that describes their life story, the proposed investment, desired loan amount and repayment period. Zidisha's lender participants then have the opportunity to finance all or a portion of the loan at zero interest.
3. If enough lenders commit to lending the designated loan amount before the loan expires, the loan is funded and disbursed to the borrower; otherwise, it is expired, lenders are refunded and the borrower may try again with a new application.
4. For successfully funded loans, 100% of lenders' accepted bids are disbursed to the borrower. Loan values are fixed in local currency, using the exchange rate effective at the time the loan is disbursed. Because loan values are fixed in local currency, lenders bear the risk of any currency exchange rate fluctuations.
2. Zidisha borrowers are allowed to adjust their weekly installment amount upward or downward an unlimited number of times, as long as a single payment has been made since the last adjustment. Prior to November 11, 2013, borrowers had been allowed to ask for a grace period of 1–2 months on a loan, "during which time no payments would be due, but after which monthly installments would resume in the same amounts as before." After November 11, 2013, borrowers were no longer allowed to add a grace period, but continued to be allowed to raise or lower the amount of money due each week.
3. Throughout the loan application and repayment period, lenders may post comments and questions, and borrowers may supply additional information and business updates through a weblog on their profile pages.
4. Loans made after March 2015 are covered by a reserve fund. If one of these loans falls behind on payments by 10 days or more, lenders may opt to receive a full reimbursement of the amount they lent from the reserve fund.
5. Lenders may post feedback on all lending transactions with which they are involved, thus creating a performance record that allows borrowers to request progressively larger loans with each successful repayment.
Zidisha has not registered with the SEC, and has publicly stated that they are not a securities broker. The website states in its terms of use that unlike a securities broker, Zidisha is under no obligation to return lender funds and honor withdrawal requests: "Zidisha makes no guarantee or representation that funds lent through its website will be repaid to lenders, regardless of whether the loans financed with lender funds are repaid to Zidisha. Any cash payouts are promotional gifts offered solely at Zidisha's discretion."
The tax treatment of these promotional gifts is unclear. Gifts are taxed in the United States, which would mean that for US lenders, the original loan principal, if withdrawn, would be subject to taxation. Zidisha states in its terms that, "It is the responsibility of website users to report and pay any applicable taxes on any cash payouts received from Zidisha."
This is much lower than the global average of interest rate of 35% for microfinance loans. According to an analysis published by microfinance risk consultant Daniel Rozas in July 2011, Zidisha offers loans at less than half the interest rates of traditional microfinance institutions as estimated by MFTransparency.
The inflation rate in developing nations varies widely, and can be as high as 53%, much higher than the interest rates usually paid to microlenders. Zidisha does not provide protection from losses due to currency risk, but also does not restrict lenders' ability to profit from currency fluctuations.
The status of the $2,106,294 as of June 2014 was as follows:
$1,082,861 (51.4% of amount disbursed) had been repaid to lenders.
$454,189 (21.6% of amount disbursed) was still outstanding with borrowers who are repaying on time (within a threshold of 30 days and $10).
$184,530 (8.8% of amount disbursed) was still outstanding with borrowers who are more than 30 days and $10 late with scheduled repayments.
$15,063 (0.7% of amount disbursed) had been forgiven by the lenders for humanitarian reasons.
$369,748 (17.6% of amount disbursed) had been written off by Zidisha.
| +Percent of loans disbursed in past 12 months that are: !Country !Loans raised !Businesses Financed !Average lender interest !Repaid & Repaying On Time !Repaying Late !Forgiven !Written Off |
The status of the $1,313,316 as of May 2015 was as follows:
$555,190 (42.3% of amount disbursed) had been repaid to lenders.
$521,405 (39.7% of amount disbursed) was still outstanding with borrowers who are repaying on time (within a threshold of 30 days and $10).
$92,437 (7.0% of amount disbursed) was still outstanding with borrowers who are more than 30 days and $10 late with scheduled repayments.
$37 (0.1% of amount disbursed) had been forgiven by the lenders for humanitarian reasons.
$46,885 (3.6% of amount disbursed) had been written off by Zidisha.
The revised repayment rate (not incorporating the time lag) was 89.3% as of August 2013. Zidisha subsequently made its write-off policy stricter, classifying a loan as written off if it is not repaid six months after its due date, or if the borrower has not made any payments for six months. This stricter writeoff policy resulted in a reported writeoff rate of 17.6% of ended loans as of June 29, 2014.
Zidisha defines its repayment and writeoff statistics more conservatively than other microlending websites. For example, Kiva, the world's largest microlending website, reports any loans not yet written off as repaid, even if they are still outstanding with the borrower. Kiva also counts repayments made by field partners to cover borrower defaults as part of its on-time repayment rate.
Some observers argued that Zidisha's writeoff policy is too strict, as it has often resulted in loans that are still actively repaying (but over six months late) as being written off. Zidisha's stated rationale to maintaining such a strict writeoff policy is that they wish to err on the side of reporting high write-off rates to prospective lenders so that they fully understand the risks of lending with Zidisha, and Zidisha continues to follow up with written off loans and return the repayments collected to lenders.
In 2014 Zidisha became one of the first seven nonprofits to graduate from seed accelerator Y Combinator.
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