Product Code Database
Maung Thura " Zarganar" (also called Zaganar, ; also Zargana, ); born 27 January 1961) is a popular Burmese comedian, Actor, and film director as well as a fierce critic and often political prisoner of the Burmese military government. Known for his wicked puns against the ruling military junta, Zarganar, whose name translates to "tweezers", is widely considered to be the most popular comedian and Satire in Myanmar.
In September 2006, Zarganar was banned indefinitely from performing publicly or participating in any kind of entertainment related work. He was arrested on 4 June 2008 for speaking to foreign media about the situation of millions of people left homeless after the extremely destructive Cyclone Nargis devastated the Irrawaddy Delta. In November 2008, he was sentenced to 59 years in prison, convicted of "public order offenses", under four sections of the criminal code—17/2, 32 (b), 295 (a) and 505 (b), much more than the anticipated maximum of two years. On 16 February 2009, following the appeals by the family, Yangon Divisional Court reduced the prison sentence by "up to 24 years", bringing the sentence down to 35 years. In December 2008, Zarganar was sent to Myitkyina Prison in Kachin State in the country's far north, from which he was freed on 11 October 2011 in a mass amnesty of political prisoners.
Zarganar was awarded the Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett Award, given by the Fund for Free Expression, a committee organized by the New-York-based Human Rights Watch. In October 2008, Zarganar was awarded One Humanity Award by PEN Canada of which he is an honorary member.
Thura graduated from Yangon's elite State High School No. 1 Dagon in 1977 and received a degree in dental surgery from Rangoon Institute of Dental Medicine in 1985. While in dentistry school, he worked as a volunteer literacy teacher in Chin State and wrote about his experiences in a book, published by the Sape Beikman, the country's official literary publishing house.
After completing his dentistry studies, he took to the stage full-time. In 1986, he formed the Mya Ponnama Anyeint troupe whose shows frequently appeared on television. He quickly became known for his expert ability to concoct double entendres; his willingness to use them in farcical routines that highlighted the failures of the government delighted millions of awe-struck audiences.
That all changed in 1988, when Zarganar was arrested for participating in the nationwide 8888 uprising. He would be in and out of prison for the next 5-6 years. After his release from prison in 1994, Zarganar was prohibited from performing on stage but allowed to participate in video productions, working as producer, director, scriptwriter and actor. But his work was closely scrutinized by the censors and military intelligence in a cat-and-mouse game in which Zarganar and his audiences took delight in sidestepping the authorities.
In 1997, Zarganar soon ran afoul with the authorities for his movie Lun, and was promptly banned for another three years from the show business. He was allowed to do films in 2000 (but still no comedy shows or stage theater). Since May 2006, Zarganar has again been banned from the show business indefinitely, for giving an interview to the BBC.
Zarganar helped to revitalize the art by turning the format upside-down. By using humor to push the envelope against government censors, his anyeint shows generated immense interest among Burmese of all backgrounds, and in the process attracted new generations of fans to anyeint shows. Zarganar did not invent the art of using puns and double entendres, which had long been part of traditional Burmese humor but in many ways he perfected it in the Burmese language. The tonal monosyllabic Burmese language with many homophones seemed particularly suited for double talk. People were drawn to his vaudevillian routines filled with seemingly innocent silly banter among comedians not only because they were bitingly funny but also because they cleverly highlighted the failures of the government.
In the mid-1980s, Zarganar and his comedians were the main draw to their anyeint shows. People went to see the comedians first, and the pretty female performers second. Today, anyeint shows are still nominally led by female performers but the comedians-cum-social commentators are what most people go to see. The most popular shows are led by comedians such as Thee-Lay-Thee who are willing to poke fun at the government.
Soon after Cyclone Nargis devastated vast swaths of the Irrawaddy Delta in early May 2008, Zarganar organized a group of an estimated 400 Burmese involved in the entertainment industry to provide volunteer disaster relief aid in the cyclone-damaged areas. He divided the volunteers into groups of helpers, who took aid to 42 villages, some of which had until then received no help at all after the cyclone.
In January 2012, the British Foreign Secretary William Hague is due to meet Zarganar to discuss political reform as part of the first visit by a British Foreign Secretary to Burma in over fifty years.
In February 2012, Zarganar travelled to Washington, D.C., to meet US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and discuss the ongoing issue of political prisoners, women’s rights, and the situation of Myanmar’s ethnic minorities with the country’s senior officials.
On 6 April 2021, in the aftermath of the 2021 Myanmar coup d'état, he was arrested at his home in Yangon. Since the coup on 1 February, he had not carried out any significant political activities, and the reason for his arrest is unknown. On 18 October 2021, he was conditionally released.
Zarganar has been featured in This Prison Where I Live, a documentary film by British filmmaker Rex Bloomstein and German comedian Michael Mittermeier, who had secretly traveled to Burma to make the film.
In 2009, Zarganar was awarded the inaugural PEN Pinter Prize, established in memory of Harold Pinter. Zarganar shared the award with British poet Tony Harrison.
On 27 March 2012, Zarganar received the Prince Claus Fund Award, handed over by Dutch ambassador Joan Boers during a historic Aneyint event in the People's Square in Yangon.
Political activities and social work
During the 8888 Uprising in 1988, Zarganar was arrested for being an "instigator" and sent to the notorious Insein Prison for a year. After his release he was arrested again during the 1990 elections for giving political speeches and sentenced to another four years in prison. (His father, also a political activist, at one point gave a speech at the home of Aung San Suu Kyi, leading to a ban by the state censors. His mother Kyi Oo was also elected as an independent candidate.) In 1991, the Fund for Free Expression, part of the Human Rights Watch organization, awarded him a Lillian Hellman and Dashiell Hammett Grant. Human Rights Watch report, 1992 .
List of conflicts with the government
Awards and recognition
In 2008, Zarganar was awarded the Freedom to Create Prize for Imprisoned Artists. Amnesty International named him a prisoner of conscience and called for his immediate release. In 2009, he was awarded the inaugural PEN/Pinter Prize as an International writer of courage. In May 2011, Zarganar was awarded Honorary Life Membership in Equity, the UK performers' union, in recognition of his struggle for artistic freedom in Burma.
Filmography
Films
Between 1985 and 1988, Zarganar starred in four films and eight video movies as the lead actor. He took on supporting actor roles in his movies since 2001. He also tried his hand at directing. In 2004, with the aid of local non-governmental organisations, Zarganar directed three short videos and a film for the purpose of raising awareness of HIV and AIDS in the country.
1985 Mintha Daw Mintha 1985 Lu Naut With May Win Maung 1986 Sein-Lai-Lay Kya Tha-La Lo 1986 A-Sa-Ga-Daw Mohn De Hso 2001 Datkhe Supporting actor 2001 Ponna Ba Kun With Kyaw Thu, Htet Htet Moe Oo 2002 La-Min-Go Sein-Khaw-Gya Thu-Mya With Lu Min, Eaindra Kyaw Zin 2002 Yindwin Zaga With Dwe, May Than Nu, Eaindra Kyaw Zin 2002 Chit-Pa-Naw Maung-Go 2002 Padauk Pinlè With Yar Zar Nay Win, Htun Eaindra Bo, Zaw One 2003 Karyan A-Lwè With Dwe, Soe Myat Thuzar, Nandar Hlaing 2003 Pyauk Pyauk Myauk Myauk 2003 Pawpaw Papa Pyon With Kyaw Ye Aung, Nandar Hlaing, Eaindra Kyaw Zin, May Thinzar Oo 2004 Style With Lwin Moe, Yar Zar Nay Win, Eaindra Kyaw Zin, Soe Myat Nandar, Pyay Ti Oo 2004 Ba A-Yay-Kyi Zohn-Lè With Kyaw Thu, Lu Min, Su Pan Htwar 2004 Balu (Ogre) 2004 Kyepwint Lay-Mya With Yan Aung, May Than Nu, Pann Phyu 2004 Ngo-Ah-Htet Yi-Ah-Than With Lwin Moe, Minn Hein, Sharr Nyo, Eaindra Kyaw Zin, May Thinzar Oo 2005 Mingalaba With Nay Toe, Sai Sai Kham Leng, Myo Sandy Kyaw 2005 Yadana With Kyaw Thu, Htun Aeindra Bo 2005 Model A-Chit-Mya With Lwin Moe, Yan Aung, Tint Tint Tun, Eindra Kyaw Zin, May Thinzar Oo 2010 This Prison Where I Live British Documentary 2017 Auto Ba-Yin With Kyaw Kyaw Bo, Ei Chaw Po
Videos
Direct-to-video productions on VCD intended strictly for the home market and never screened in theaters include:
See also
External links
|
|
