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Whitekirk is a small settlement in East Lothian, Scotland. Together with the nearby settlement of Tyninghame, it gives its name to the parish of Whitekirk and Tyninghame.
The shrine of Our Lady at Whitekirk was desecrated by the armies of Edward III of England in 1356, a period that would become known as the Burnt Candlemas. Later in the 14th century, the shrine of Our Lady was reconsecrated at the newly built Church of St Mary the Virgin in Haddington. Whitekirk continued to be a place of pilgrimage, however, receiving visits from the future Pope Pius II and James IV, Margaret Tudor, and James V.David Ditchburn, 'Scottish Pilgrimage', Julian Goodare & Alasdair A. MacDonald, Sixteenth-Century Scotland (Brill, 2008), p. 55: J. B. Paul, 'Whitekirk church and its history', TSES, 6 (1920/1), 119–124.
In early 1435 Aeneas Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) was travelling to Scotland on a diplomatic mission as Papal legate when his ship was beset by storms. After giving prayers to Our Lady, the ship and its crew made port safely at Dunbar, and having promised to walk barefoot to the nearest shrine to the virgin, Piccolomini set out for Whitekirk. The eight miles through the frozen countryside left him with rheumatism that he would complain about for the rest of his life.
James IV came to Whitekirk from Dunbar in May 1497, leaving money for poor folk and lepers.Thomas Dickson, Accounts of Treasurer, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1877), p. 337. The Covenanter preacher John Blackadder gave his last conventicle on the hill behind the Church in 1678.
The building known as the tithe barn may have resulted from the rebuilding of the pilgrims' hostel in the 16th century. It has also been suggested that it formed a tower built by Oliver Sinclair before becoming a tithe barn in the 17th century. Information found within the parish church indicated that Abbot Crawford of Holyrood may have once owned it. Today it is a bed & breakfast.
The Holy Well dried up in the 19th century following agricultural drainage, but is thought to be located not far from the church building.
The current church was last restored in 2005–2006. Dramatic events in 1914 saw the church set on fire, allegedly by suffragette campaigners, although this has not been proved. The Kirk was restored by the office of Robert Lorimer. Lorimer also designed the village war memorial in 1920. Dictionary of Scottish Architects; "Robert Lorimer"
Whitekirk derives its name from the original colour of the Kirk: white, and was once known as 'Hamer' or the greater Ham. The church is now the red of its underlying sandstone.
From 1806 to 1852 the minister of Whitekirk was the Rev James Wallace, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly in 1831/32, the highest position in the Church of Scotland. He lived in the manse which was built in 1796.Buildings of Scotland: Lothian by Colin McWilliam
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