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Abu Sa'id Uthman Ibn Sa‘id al-Qebṭi, better known as Warsh (110-197AH), was a significant figure in the history of Quranic recitation ( qira'at), the canonical methods of reciting the Qur'an. Alongside Qalun, he was one of the two primary transmitters of the canonical reading method of Nafi‘ al-Madani. Together, their style is the most common form of Qur'anic recitation in the generality of African mosques outside of Egypt, and is also popular in Yemen and Darfur despite the rest of Sudan following the method of Hafs. The method of Warsh and his counterpart Qalun was also the most popular method of recitation in Al-Andalus. The majority of printed today in North Africa and West Africa follow the reading of Warsh.
In the 10th century, the Muslim scholar Ibn Mujāhid canonized the seven readings of the Quran including Warsh 'an Naafi'. However, only the transmission of Asim and Warsh remains influential. The Warsh 'an Naafi' recitation became widespread in North Africa, in large part because it was the preferred recitation of Imam Malik ibn Anas, whose Maliki school of jurisprudence predominated in that region of the world. In medieval times, it was the main Quranic recitation in Islamic Iberia. The Warsh 'an Naafi' transmission represents the recitational tradition of Medina.
| Al-Baqara 2:85 |
| Al-Baqara 2:132 |
| Al 'imran 3:133 |
| Al-Ḥijr 15:8 |
| Al-Anbiyā' 21:4 |
| Al-Aḥzāb 33:68 |
| Al-Shura 42:30 |
| Al-Fatḥ 48:17 |
Another major difference between Hafs and Warsh recitation of the Quran is the pronunciation of the words. Modern Qurans have diacritical marks (known as Tashkil) and in some cases pronouncing the word differently could imply different meaning. Here are some examples:
| Al-Fatihah Al-Fatiha:4 (Q1:3 in Warsh) |
| Al-Baqara Al-Baqarah:10 (Q2:9 in Warsh) |
| Al 'imran Al Imran:146 |
| Al-Qasas Q28:48 |
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