Varanops is an extinct genus of Early Permian varanopid known from Texas and Oklahoma of the United States. It was first named by Samuel Wendell Williston in 1911 as a second species of Varanosaurus, Varanosaurus brevirostris.
Discovery
V. brevirostris is known from the
holotype FMNH UC 644, a three-dimensionally preserved nearly complete and articulated
skeleton including a nearly complete
skull and
. It was collected in the Indian Creek, 35 site (=
Cacops Bonebed), from the
Arroyo Formation of the Clear Fork Group,
Baylor County of Texas, dating to the early
Kungurian stage of the
Cisuralian Epoch, about 279.5 to 272.5 million years ago. Many well-preserved specimens from the same locality and horizon of the type specimen, including FMNH UR 2423, nearly complete skull and mandibles, MCZ 1926, complete skull and mandibles and FMNH P 12841, partial skeleton, are referred to
V. brevirostris.
One articulated skeleton with bite marks was found in southwest of Abilene (Arroyo Formation), Taylor County of Texas.
Specimens (OMNH 73156-73178) of
V. brevirostris were also collected in the
Richards Spur, from the
Garber Formation (Dolese Brothers Limestone Quarry) of the Sumner Group, Comanche County of Oklahoma, dating to the same age.
[ Those remains came from at least three individuals, and represents the first varanodontine material from the Richards Spur.][
]
Description
Varanops was a large amniote, around the size of the modern . It was about long, and had large limbs and sharp, backward-curving teeth. It was one of many agile, voracious among Permian tetrapods. Even though it was large for its time, Varanops was very small compared to the dinosaurs that came much later.
Classification
Varanops is the type genus of the family Varanopidae. Cladistic analysis performed by Nicolás E. Campione and Robert R. Reisz in 2010 suggests that Varanops is a derived Varanodontinae, sister taxon to the clade formed by Varanodon and Watongia.[
]
