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The Troad ( or ; , Troáda) or Troas (; , Trōiás or Τρωϊάς, Trōïás) is a historical region in northwestern Anatolia. It corresponds with the Biga Peninsula (Turkish language: Biga Yarımadası) in the Çanakkale province of modern Turkey. Bounded by the Dardanelles to the northwest, by the Aegean Sea to the west and separated from the rest of Anatolia by the massif that forms Mount Ida, the Troad is drained by two main , the Scamander (Karamenderes) and the Simoeis, which join at the area containing the ruins of Troy.
Mount Ida, called by Homer "many-fountain" (πολυπίδαξ), sourced several rivers, including Rhesos, Heptaporos, Caresus River, Rhodios, Granicus River (Granikos), Aesepus River, Skamandros and Simoeis;Iliad 12.18 ff these rivers were deified as a source of life by the Greeks, who depicted them on their coins as reclining by a stream and holding a reed.
Greek settlements flourished in Troas during the Archaic Greece and Classical Greece ages, as evidenced by the number of Greek polis that coined money in their own names. asiaminorcoins.com - Troas
The region was part of the satrapy (province) of Hellespontine Phrygia of the Achaemenid Empire until its conquest by Alexander the Great. After this it fell to the Diadoch Seleucid Empire, and then passed to Rome's ally, the kingdom of Pergamon. The Attalid dynasty of Pergamon (now Bergama) later ceded Mysia, including the territory of the Troad, to the Roman Republic, on the death of King Attalus III in 133 BC.
Under the Roman Empire, the territory of the Troad became part of the province of Asia, and later of the smaller province Hellespontus; it was important enough to have suffragan bishoprics, including Pionia (now Avcılar).
Under the later Byzantine Empire, it was included in the thema of the Aegean Islands.
Following its conquest by the Ottoman Empire, the Troad formed part of the sanjak of Biga.
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