In medicine, traumatology (from Greek trauma, meaning injury or wound) is the study of and injury caused by or violence to a person, and the Trauma surgery and repair of the damage. Traumatology is a branch of medicine. It is often considered a subset of surgery and in countries without the specialty of trauma surgery it is most often a sub-specialty to orthopedic surgery. Traumatology may also be known as accident surgery.
Branches
Branches of traumatology include medical traumatology and psychological traumatology. Medical traumatology can be defined as the study of specializing in the treatment of wounds and injuries caused by violence or general accidents. This type of traumatology focuses on the surgical procedures and future
physical therapy a patient needs to repair the damage and recover properly.
Psychological traumatology deals with damage to one's psychological wellbeing caused by distressing events. This type of trauma can also be the result of overwhelming amounts of stress in one's life. Psychological trauma usually involves some type of physical trauma that poses a threat to one's survival and sense of security. Psychological trauma often leaves people feeling overwhelmed, anxious, and threatened.[Emotional and Psychological Trauma: Learning to Heal from Recent or
]Childhood Trauma and Move on with Your Life. (n.d.).
http://www.helpguide.org/articles/ptsd-trauma/emotional-and-psychological-trauma.htm
Trauma can also be classified as:
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Acute: It results from a single stressful or dangerous situation.
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Chronic: It results from repeated and prolonged exposure to highly stressful situations.
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Complex: It results from exposure to multiple traumatic events.
Types of trauma
When it comes to types of trauma, medical and psychological traumatology go hand in hand. Types of trauma include car accidents,
gunshot wounds,
concussions,
PTSD from incidents, etc. Medical traumas are repaired with surgeries; however, they can still cause psychological trauma and other stress factors. For example, a teenager in a car accident who broke his
wrist and needed extensive surgery to save his arm may experience
anxiety when driving in a car post-accident. PTSD can be diagnosed after a person experiences one or more intense and traumatic events and react with fear with complaints from three categorical symptoms lasting one month or longer. These categories are: re-experiencing the traumatic event, avoiding anything associated with the trauma, and increased symptoms of increased psychological
arousal.
[Bellis, M. D., Baum, A. S., Birmaher, B., Keshavan, M. S., Eccard, C. H., Boring, A. M., . . . Ryan, N.D. (1999). Developmental traumatology part I: Biological stress systems∗∗See
]accompanying Editorial, in this issue. Biological Psychiatry, 45(10), 1259-1270
Guidelines for essential trauma care
Airway management, monitoring, and management of injuries are all key guidelines when it comes to medical trauma care. Airway management is a key component of emergency on-scene care. Using a systematic approach, first responders must assess that a patient's airway is not blocked in order to ensure the patient gets enough circulation and remain as calm as they can.
[Mock, C. (2004). Guidelines for essential trauma care. Geneva: World Health Organization.] Monitoring patients and making sure their body does not go into shock is another essential guideline when it comes to medical trauma care. Nurses are required to watch over patients and check
blood pressure,
heart rate, etc. to make sure that patients are doing well and are not
Cardiac arrest. When it comes to managing injuries, head and neck injuries require the most care post surgery.
Head injuries are one of the major causes of trauma related death and disabilities worldwide. It is important for patients of head trauma to get
CT scans post surgery to insure that there are no problems.
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Guidelines for psychological trauma care
There is a range of approaches to assist victims to overcome the anxiety and stress that follows psychological trauma. Affected persons can also follow self-care such as exercise and socializing with familiar and safe associates and family members. Trauma disturbs the body's natural equilibrium by putting it in a state of fear and hyper-arousal.
Patient assessment
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Advanced trauma life support, training for medical doctors dealing with trauma
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Revised Trauma Score
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Injury Severity Score
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Abbreviated Injury Scale
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Triage
Wound assessment
Factors in the Wound assessment are:
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the nature of the wound, whether it is a laceration, abrasion, bruise or burn
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the size of the wound in length, width and depth
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the extent of the overall area of tissue damage caused by the impact of a mechanical force, or the reaction to chemical agents in, for example, fires or exposure to caustic substances.
Forensic physicians, as well as pathologists may also be required to examine (traumatic) wounds on people.
See also
External links
