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Tiqqun soferim
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Tiqqūn sōferīm (, plural tiqqūnēi sōferīm) is a term from rabbinic literature meaning "correction/emendation of the scribes" or "scribal correction" and refers to a change of wording in the in order to preserve the honor of God or for a similar reason. Today, the phrase Tiqqun Soferim can also refer to a copy of the Five Books of Moses that is used to copy therefrom the .

History and commentaries
The first to use the term tiqqun soferim was Shimon ben Pazi (an ); previously, the had used the phrase kina hakatuv ("the verse used a euphemism") in reference to the same verses.Yehuda David Eisenstein, Otzar Yisrael – Helek 7 – p.179; Bacher, "Ag. Tan." ii. 205

Many traditional commentators (including , Rashba, and ) consider tiqqunei soferim not as actual changes in the text, but rather as meaning that the original author acted like one who corrects a text for reasons of honoring God. On the other hand, modern scholars interpret the words of the old rabbis literally — that the text was corrected by later scribes, perhaps those of the that edited the Biblical corpus. Even among traditional commentators, including the and , there are those who believe that the tiqqunei soferim were actual changes that were made (and this seems to be stated explicitly in the ).

Known examples
The rabbis mentioned tiqqunei soferim in several places in their writings, with a total of about 18 tiqqunei soferim in all.
(2025). 9780199393879, Oxford University Press. .
(2025). 9789047414346, BRILL. .
However, some modern scholars argue that the rabbis did not give all the cases of tiqqun soferim, and they try to identify other cases.

An example of a tiqqun soferim can be seen in 21:12–13, where is accused of cursing God, but the text now has "blessed" since it is not fitting that the name of God should appear after the word "cursed": "Naboth has blessed God and King" instead of "Naboth has cursed God and King".

The Further reading section below contains a link to the HCSB's footnotes which makes the tiqqune clearer.

S = Tiqqun remains in main text
PassageNondenom: NIVNondenom/: ESV: NABC of E: AKJVOrthodox: RSVSBC: HCSBSBC/Lockman: NASBMethodist: NLTBibleHub Interlinear: WLCAcademic-Bible.com: StutgartensiaChabad: AJRChabad: AJRH: JPS2006/JPS1985Sefaria: he.wikisource.orgMechon Mamre (MM): JPS1917MM:
Genesis 18:22SS SSSS SSSSSSSS
Numbers 11:15SS SSSS SSSSSS
Numbers 12:12 SSSSS SSSSSS
1 Samuel 3:13 S SS SSSSSSSS
2 Samuel 16:12 S SS
2 Samuel 20:1SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
1 Kings 12:16SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
2 Chronicles 10:16SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Ezekiel 8:17SS SSSSSSSSSSSSS
Habakkuk 1:12 S SS S SSSS SS
Malachi 1:13 S S
Zechariah 2:8 (or 12)SS SSSS SSSSSSSS
Jeremiah 2:11SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Job 7:20 SS S SSSSSSSS
Hosea 4:7S S
Job 32:3SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Lamentations 3:20SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Psalms 106:20SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS
Malachi 1:12 S S
Malachi 3:9
2 Samuel 12:14 S SSSSSS
1 Kings 21:10
1 Kings 21:13
Job 1:5
Job1:11
Job 2:5
Job 2:9

See also
  • Qere and ketiv
  • Sofer (scribe)

Notes
Further reading

: ,
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