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Tegarama (Old Assyrian: Tergarma; : Takarama; : Lakarma/Lukarma) was a city in during the Bronze Age. It is often identified with Gürün and biblical .

A fortified city in (on the border of Tabal) mentioned in Neo-Assyrian royal inscriptions of the ninth, eighth, and seventh centuries BC (reigns of , , and ) as Til-garimmu/Til-garimme.


Middle Bronze Age
The city contained a palace, a karum and an colony office.Veenhof, K.R., Eidem, J., Wäfler, M. Annäherungen: the Old Assyrian Period. Mesopotamia Saint-Paul, 2008 It was important in terms of trade which included tin, textiles, wool, slaves and wine. The city was inhabited during the Old Assyrian Kingdom and .Bajramovic, Gojko Historical Geography of Anatolia in the Old Assyrian Colony Period p.133, Museum Tusculanum Press, 2011


Late Bronze Age

Reign of Tudhaliya III
The city was sacked by during the early reign of the on the eastern border.


Reign of Suppiluliuma I
During his victorious campaign against , halted in Tegarama and inspected his forces before attacking and capturing .Burney, Charles Historical Dictionary of the Hittites Scarecrow Press, 2004 Consequently, city must have been on the road from to Karkhemish.


Iron Age

Reign of Sargon II
The vassal ruler of , , revolted against rule, seeking assistance from king Midas of .http://oracc.org/rinap/Q006482 After Sargon sacked Melid, Tarḫun-azi sought refuge in Til-garimme. Sargon eventually captured the city, imprisoned Tarḫun-azi and his family, and incorporated the city into the empire.http://oracc.org/rinap/Q006482


Reign of Sennacherib
The city seems to have been occupied by the armies of a certain king called Gurdî, king of the city (possibly identical to Gurdî the king of Kulumma), who was warring against Sennacherib. besieged the city, incorporated the use of . Sennacherib claims to have destroyed the city, turning it into a "mound of ruins"http://oracc.org/rinap/Q003491 (lit. tīlli-ù-karme, which some scholars speculate to be a pun).Borger, HKL 1 p.319 It is possible this pun was used previously by Tiglath-pileser III in reference to the city,http://oracc.org/rinap/Q006333Yamada AoF 33 (2006) p.232 which he located in .http://oracc.org/rinap/Q003448


Theories
The exact location of the city in Anatolia is disputed. placed Tegarama in Southeast Anatolia.map on inside cover of Gurney, The Hittites, Folio Society edition Others have located it in central Anatolia near the town of Gürün, about 90 miles (140 km) east of .Burney, Charles. Historical Dictionary of the Hittites. Scarecrow Press, 2004


Gürün
Til-garimmu is usually identified with modern Gürün, biblical Tōgarmā, classical Gauraene/Gauraina, Old Assyrian Tergarama, Hittite Takarama, and Luwian Lakarma/Lukarma. However, no pre-Roman remains have been discovered at Gürün.


Akçadaǧ
Akçadaǧ, ca. 30 km west of Malatya, has been tentatively suggested as an alternate location.


Changing location
One theory is that the name of the city was 'moved' to another settlement during the history.Bajramovic, p.131


Biblical tradition
The city is sometimes associated with .Bajramovic, p. 312Austerlitz, Eddie History of the Ogus p.36, 2010, Srinivasan, Liny Desi Words Speak of the Past p.175 Author House (2011?),


Bibliography
- YAMADA, SHIGEO. "The City of Togarma in Neo-Assyrian Sources" Altorientalische Forschungen, vol. 33, no. 2, 2006, pp. 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1524/aofo.2006.33.2.223

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