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Tatwine

( 670s Births )

Biography
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''Ars Gramattica Tatuini..
Riddles

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Tatwine ( – 30 July 734) was the tenth Archbishop of Canterbury from 731 to 734. Prior to becoming archbishop, he was a monk and abbot of a Benedictine monastery. Besides his ecclesiastical career, Tatwine was a writer, and riddles he composed survive. Another work he composed was on the Latin grammar of the Latin, which was aimed at advanced students of that language. He was subsequently considered a saint.

Biography

Tatwine was a by birth. His epigraph at Canterbury stated that when he died he was in old age, so perhaps he was born around 670. He became a monk at the monastery at Breedon-on-the-Hill in the present-day County of Leicestershire,Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury p. 80Yorke Kings and Kingdoms p. 31 and then abbot of that house.Stenton Anglo-Saxon England p. 183 Through the influence of King Æthelbald he was appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury in 731 and was consecrated on 10 June 731.Fryde, et al. Handbook of British Chronology p. 213Kirby Earliest English Kings p. 113 He was one of a number of Mercians who were appointed to Canterbury during the 730s and 740s.Williams Kingship and Government p. 24 Apart from his consecration of the Bishops of Lindsey and Selsey in 733, Tatwine's period as archbishop appears to have been uneventful. He died in office on 30 July 734. Later considered a saint, his feast day is 30 July.Walsh New Dictionary of Saints p. 571

Writings

Bede's commentary on Tatwine calls him a "vir religione et Prudentia insignis, sacris quoque literis nobiliter instructus" (a man notable for his prudence, devotion and learning). These qualities were displayed in the two surviving manuscripts of his riddles and four of his Ars Gramattica Tatuini.Law "Transmission" Revue d'Histoire des Textes p. 281

Ars Gramattica Tatuini

The Ars is one of only two surviving eighth-century Latin grammars from England. The grammar is a reworking of Aelius Donatus's Ars Minor with the addition of information drawn from other grammarians, such as Priscian and Consentius. It was not designed for a newcomer to the Latin language, but rather for more advanced students.Brooks Early History of the Church of Canterbury pp. 98–99 It covers the eight parts of speech through illustrations drawn from Classical Latin, although not directly but through other grammatical works. There are also some examples drawn from the Psalms. The work was completed before Tatwine became archbishop, and was used not only in England but also on the Continent.Blair World of Bede pp. 246–247

Riddles

It is almost certain that Tatwine was inspired to develop the culture of riddle-writing in early medieval England because he had read the Epistola ad Acircium by the West-Saxon scholar Aldhelm (d. 709), which combined studies of Latin grammar and metre with the presentation of one hundred hexametrical riddles. Frederick Tupper believed that Aldhelm's influence was minimal,Tupper Riddles of the Exeter Book p. xxxiv but subsequent scholars have argued that Tatwine's riddles owed a substantial debt to those of Aldhelm.Lapidge Aldhelm: The Poetic Works p. 66Orchard Poetic Art of Aldhelm p. 242Salvador-Bello Isidorean Perceptions of Order pp. 222–224

Tatwine's riddles deal with such diverse topics as philosophy and charity, the five senses and the alphabet, and a book, and a pen,Lapidge "Tatwine" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography yet, according to Mercedes Salvador-Bello, these riddles are placed in a carefully structured sequence: 1–3 and 21–26 on theology (e.g. 2, faith, hope, and charity), 4–14 on objects associated with ecclesiastical life (e.g. 7, a bell), 15–20 on wonders and monsters (e.g. 16, prepositions with two cases), 27–39 on tools and related natural phenomena (e.g. 28, an anvil, and 33, fire), with a final piece on the sun's rays.Salvador-Bello Patterns of Compilation Viator pp. 346–349, 373

Tatwine's riddles survive in two manuscripts: the early 11th-century London, British Library, Royal 12.Cxxiii (fols. 121v–7r) and the mid-11th-century Cambridge, University Library, Gg.5.35 (fols. 374v–77v).Salvador-Bello Isidorean Perceptions of Order p. 221 In both manuscripts, they are written alongside the riddles of Eusebius: it seems clear that Eusebius (whose identity is uncertain) added sixty riddles to Tatwine's forty to take the collection up to one hundred.Williams Riddles of Tatwine and Eusebius pp. 44–57

Tatwine gives a sign in one of the riddles of the growing acceptance among scholars in the Christian west of the legitimacy of philosophy: "De philosophia: est felix mea qui poterit cognoscere iura" (Of Philosophy: happy is he who can know my laws).Naismith "Antiquity, Authority, and Religion" Peritia p. 66 The riddles are formed in .Lapidge "Tatwine" Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England

Example

An example of Tatwine's work is enigma 11, on the needle:Tatwine Tatuini omnia opera p. 178

+ Enigma 11 !scope="col"

Latin original !scope="col"

English translation

List

Tatwine's riddles are on the following topics.Tatwine Tatuini omnia opera

Numbered list of Tatwine's riddles !scope="col"

Number !scope="col"

Latin title !scope="col"

English translation

Editions and translations

'Aenigmata Tatvini', ed. by Fr. Glorie, trans. by Erika von Erhardt-Seebold, in Tatuini omnia opera, Variae collectiones aenigmatum merovingicae aetatis, Anonymus de dubiis nominibus, Corpus christianorum: series latina, 133–133a, 2 vols (Turnholt: Brepols, 1968).

Notes

Citations

(2025). 9781843841982, D.S. Brewer. ISBN 9781843841982
Blair, Peter Hunter (1990). 9780521398190, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521398190
Brooks, Nicholas (1984). 9780718500412, Leicester University Press. ISBN 9780718500412
Farmer, David Hugh (2025). 9780198609490, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198609490
(1996). 052156350X, Cambridge University Press. 052156350X
Kirby, D. P. (2025). 9780415242110, Routledge. ISBN 9780415242110
Hutchison-Hall, John (2025). 9780692257661, St. Eadfrith Press. . ISBN 9780692257661
Orchard, Andy (1994). 9780521034579, Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521034579
Salvador-Bello, Mercedes (2025). 9781935978527, West Virginia University Press. ISBN 9781935978527
Stenton, F. M. (1971). 9780192801395, Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780192801395
Walsh, Michael J. (2025). 9780860124382, Burns & Oats. ISBN 9780860124382
Williams, Ann (1999). 9780333567975, MacMillan Press. ISBN 9780333567975
Yorke, Barbara (1997). 041516639X, Routledge. 041516639X

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