Stolac (Столац) is an ancient city located in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, an entity of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is located in the region of Herzegovina. Stolac is one of the oldest cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the World.
Stolac is situated in the area known as Herzegovina Humina on the tourist route crossing Herzegovina and linking the Bosnian mountainous hinterland with the coastal regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Dubrovnik, and Montenegro. The road, running from Sarajevo via Mostar, Stolac, Ljubinje, and Trebinje, enables one to reach Dubrovnik in less than 4 hours.
Thanks to the town's favourable natural environment, geological composition, contours, climate, hydrographic and vegetation, Stolac and its area have been settled since antiquity. Its rich hunting-grounds along with other natural benefits attracted prehistoric man, and later the Illyrians, Romans and Slavs, all of whom left a wealth of anthropological evidence. The natural and architectural ensemble of Stolac, unesco.org; accessed 4 November 2016.
In 2022, a new modern road of 36 km that connected the heart of Herzegovina with the sea, Stolac with Neum, was completed with support and funding from the World Bank. The road helped the development of tourism between Neum, Stolac and Mostar.
These stećak tombstones are carved with epitaphs, detailed portraits of the deceased, and motifs such as grapevines, hunting scenes and wild animals. Five of the Radimlja tombstones are thought to mark the graves of members of the Hrabren Miloradović Vlach family.
Nine historical layers compose Stolac's architectural ensemble: pre-history, Illyrian-Roman period, the early Middle Ages, advanced and late Middle Ages, Ottoman period, Austro-Hungarian period, and the time of the first and second Yugoslavia. A multitude of various influences on the architecture of the town, in which contrasts and similarities are frequently evident as well as planning and full spontaneity, lend this town a complex image. Despite its unusual history and inclusion into four empires (Roman, Byzantine, Ottoman, and Austro-Hungarian), three kingdoms (Bosnian, Hungarian and Yugoslav), three world's monotheistic religions - Christianity (Orthodox Christianity and Catholicism), Islam, and Judaism, the historical core of Stolac is still a coherent and harmonious cultural-historical monument with individual properties grown together into one ensemble.
During the Yugoslav Wars, a number of monuments were demolished by Croat extremists as part of a campaign of ethnic cleansing, including the town's four mosques, dating from the 16th to 18th centuries, and the Orthodox Church of the Holy Assumption of Christ.Robert Bevan, The Destruction of Memory, pp. 47-47
In 2003 the Commission to Preserve National Monuments of Bosnia and Herzegovina designated Stolac Old Town as a National Monument of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Article 3 of that decision provides that “only research and conservation work and rehabilitation and restoration works, shall be allowed to be carried out, including the works aimed at promoting the National Monument” and “no buildings or any temporary and permanent structures shall be allowed to be constructed and erected at the site of the national monument unless their sole purpose is to protect and promote the monument.”
The saga restarted in 2019 when the Catholic Church Parish Office of St. Elias the Prophet in Stolac decided to build an additional six crosses to complete the “Stations of Cross.” The Stolac Municipal Council greenlighted the project in November. Mayor Boskovic claims the six crosses fall in the second zone of the protected area and do not desecrate the monument and that the municipality has a positive opinion from the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton's Institute for Protection of National Monuments. The new construction commenced in early 2020 but was called off due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In February, the Federation Inspectorate ordered the removal of all 14 cross foundations. Stolac Municipality appealed the decision, and on 16 March the Federation Ministry for Spatial Planning annulled the Inspectorate's decision, stating that the first instance body had “wrongly established the factual situation.” Construction of the six new crosses resumed on 29 June 2020.
Settlement | 1971. | 1981. | 1991. | 2013. | |
Total | 19,230 | 18,910 | 18,681 | 14,889 | |
1 | Aladinići | 747 | 1,234 | ||
2 | Bjelojevići | 325 | 229 | ||
3 | Borojevići | 717 | 601 | ||
4 | Burmazi | 369 | 223 | ||
5 | Crnići-Greda | 658 | 1,501 | ||
6 | Crnići-Kula | 628 | 570 | ||
7 | Hodovo | 418 | 377 | ||
8 | Kruševo | 300 | 241 | ||
9 | Ošanjići | 1,102 | 1,004 | ||
10 | Pješivac-Greda | 512 | 417 | ||
11 | Pješivac-Kula | 823 | 744 | ||
12 | Poplat | 457 | 1,402 | ||
13 | Poprati | 340 | 250 | ||
14 | Prenj | 790 | 684 | ||
15 | Rotimlja | 718 | 683 | ||
16 | Stolac | 3,809 | 5,210 | 5,530 | 3,816 |
17 | Trijebanj | 352 | 278 |
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | |
Total | 3,816 (100,0%) | 5,530 (100,0%) | 5,210 (100,0%) | 3,809 (100,0%) |
Muslims/Bosniaks | 2,647 (69,37%) | 3,426 (61,95%) | 3,113 (59,75%) | 2,437 (63,98%) |
Croats | 892 (23,38%) | 653 (11,81%) | 586 (11,25%) | 421 (11,05%) |
Serbs | 144 (3,774%) | 1,111 (20,09%) | 982 (18,85%) | 846 (22,21%) |
Others | 133 (3,485%) | 101 (1,826%) | 8 (0,154%) | 22 (0,578%) |
Yugoslavs | 239 (4,322%) | 486 (9,328%) | 43 (1,129%) | |
Montenegrins | 28 (0,537%) | 35 (0,919%) | ||
Albanians | 5 (0,096%) | 5 (0,131%) | ||
Macedonians | 2 (0,038%) |
2013. | 1991. | 1981. | 1971. | |
Total | 14,889 (100,0%) | 18,681 (100,0%) | 18,910 (100,0%) | 19,230 (100,0%) |
Croats | 8,486 (58,52%) | 6,188 (33,12%) | 6,410 (33,90%) | 7,041 (36,61%) |
Muslims/Bosniaks | 5,544 (38,23%) | 8,101 (43,36%) | 7,359 (38,92%) | 7,113 (36,99%) |
Serbs | 279 (1,924%) | 3,917 (20,97%) | 4,332 (22,91%) | 4,900 (25,48%) |
Others | 193 (1,331%) | 168 (0,899%) | 49 (0,259%) | 56 (0,291%) |
Yugoslavs | 307 (1,643%) | 711 (3,760%) | 63 (0,328%) | |
Montenegrins | 33 (0,175%) | 50 (0,260%) | ||
Roma | 7 (0,037%) | |||
Albanians | 6 (0,032%) | 6 (0,031%) | ||
Macedonians | 3 (0,016%) | 1 (0,005%) |
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