Srinagar is a city in Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir in the Kashmir region.[The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the (a) through (d), reflecting in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (f) through (h) below, "held" is also considered politicised usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (i) below). ]
(a) (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
(b) (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
(c) C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
(d) Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute betw een India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
(e) Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
(f) (subscription required) Quote: "... China became active in the eastern area of Kashmir in the 1950s and has controlled the northeastern part of Ladakh (the easternmost portion of the region) since 1962.";
(g) Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million. AJK has six districts: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur, Bagh, Kodi, Rawalakot, and Poonch. Its capital is the town of Muzaffarabad. AJK has its own institutions, but its political life is heavily controlled by Pakistani authorities, especially the military), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
(h) Quote: "Kashmir's identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised "Line of Control" still separating Pakistani-held Azad ("Free") Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
(i) Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'." It is the largest city and summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, which is an Indian-administered union territory. It lies in the Kashmir Valley along the banks of the Jhelum River, and the shores of Dal Lake and , between the Hari Parbat and Shankaracharya hills. The city is known for its natural environment, various gardens, waterfronts and . It is also known for traditional Kashmiri handicrafts like the Kashmir shawl (made of pashmina and cashmere wool), papier-mâché, wood carving, carpet weaving, and jewel making, as well as for .
Founded in the 6th century during the rule of the Gonanda dynasty according to the Rajatarangini, the city took on the name of an earlier capital thought to have been founded by the Maurya Empire in its vicinity. The city remained the most important capital of the Kashmir Valley under the Hindu dynasties, and was a major centre of learning. During the 14th–16th centuries the city's old town saw major expansions, particularly under the Shah Mir dynasty, whose kings used various parts of it as their capitals. It became the spiritual centre of Kashmir, and attracted several Sufism preachers. It also started to emerge as a hub of shawl weaving and other Kashmiri handicrafts. In the late 16th century, the city became part of the Mughal Empire, many of whose emperors used it as their summer resort. Many Mughal gardens were built in the city and around Dal lake during this time, of which Shalimar and Nishat Bagh are the most well-known.
After passing through the hands of the Afghan Durrani Empire and the Sikh Empire in the late 18th and early 19th century, it eventually became the summer capital of the Dogra dynasty kingdom of Jammu and Kashmir in 1846. The city became a popular tourist destination among Europeans and Indian elites during this time, with several hotels and its iconic houseboats being built. In 1952, the city became the summer capital of Jammu and Kashmir, a region administered by India as a state, with Jammu being its winter capital. It was the flashpoint of violence during the 1990s and early 2000s insurgency in the region. In 2019, it became the summer capital of a smaller region which is administered by India as a union territory, after the former state's reorganisation.
Etymology
The earliest records, such as Kalhana's
Rajatarangini, mentions the
Sanskrit name
shri-nagara which have been interpreted distinctively by scholars in two ways: one being
"The city of "Śrī" (), the Hindu goddess of prosperity, meaning "
City of Lakshmi"
and other being
sūrya-nagar, meaning "
City of the Surya" (trans)
"City of Sun."
[M. Monier Monier–Williams, "Śrīnagar", in: The Great Sanskrit–English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1899][: "Old Srinagar Kalhana, who lived in the beginning of the twelfth century, mentions in his Rajtarangni the city of Srinagar, a city in the south – east ... Shri here does not mean Surya or the son and it is a mistake to call Srinagar, the city of sun ."] The name was used for an older capital in the vicinity of the present-day city, before being used for it. Between the 14th and 19th centuries, and especially during Mughal rule, the city was also referred to simply as
Kashmir or
Shahr-i-Kashmir ().
History
Early history
According to the
Rajatarangini of
Kalhana, a capital city by the name of
Srinagari was built in the Kashmir valley by Ashoka. Kalhana calls this capital
puranadhisthana, Sanskrit for 'old capital', identified as present-day Pandrethan, 3.5 kilometres south-east of Srinagar. A 'new capital' was built by king Pravarasena, called
Parvarapura, in 6th century CE.
Srinagari continued to be used as a name for this capital. This new capital was located at the base of the Hari Parbat hill on the right bank of the Jhelum, corresponding to the location of modern-day Srinagar. Kalhana describes the capital having several markets, mansions, wooden houses, grand temples and canals, and also refers to the Dal lake and Jhelum river. A long embankment was constructed on the Jhelum by Pravarasena to protect the city from floods, parts of which have survived to the present day. The two capitals are also mentioned in the chronicle of Chinese traveller
Xuanxang who visited the city in 631 CE. Although several other capitals of Kashmir were constructed by other rulers over the next few centuries, Pravarasena's Srinagar survived as the capital. The city was divided into several parts, each with its own guardian deity, which continue to be worshipped by
Hindu Kashmiris. The 8th century scholar
Adi Shankara visited the city and founded the Shankaracharya Temple here, at the site of the earlier Jyeshteshwara Temple. The city gradually extended to the left bank of the Jhelum river, and in the early 12th century the royal palace was shifted to this side.
Sultanate period
, a Buddhist convert to Islam who briefly ruled Kashmir in the early 14th century, built the first mosque in Kashmir on the site of a Buddhist temple in a colony of Srinagar built by him. The Muslim rulers that came after him established their capitals in areas of present-day old city Srinagar. During the rule of the Sultans, the city became synonymous with the Kashmir valley, and 'Srinagar' fell into disuse as a name for it. During the rule of Qutbuddin, Islamic preacher Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani visited the valley and established his seat of preaching in Srinagar. Sultan Sikandar Shahmiri (1389–1413 CE) built the
Khanqah-e-Moula at this location, and also built the Jamia Mosque at Nowhatta in 1402. The oldest surviving example of forcible conversion of a Hindu place of worship into Muslim shrine in Kashmir also appears from Srinagar under Sikandar's rule. Sikandar's successor Zain-ul-Abidin undertook several constructions in and around Srinagar. He built the
Zaina Kadal bridge connecting the two halves of the city on either side of the Jhelum river, the
Nallah Mar and two islands inside Dal lake called Sona Lank and Rupa Lank. He also built a stone shrine for his Islamic teacher at
Madin Sahib, and a brick mausoleum for his mother constructed using materials from a Hindu structure and showing Timurid influences, where he was also buried after his death. He is also credited with establishing industries around the arts of shawl and carpet weaving, papier-maché, and wood carving in Srinagar.
Mughal rule
The
Mughal Empire annexed Kashmir in 1586 after a period of internal instability in the valley, and added it to their Kabul province. Mughal emperor
Akbar visited the valley three times. During his second visit in 1592, an elaborate
Diwali celebration was held in Srinagar. On the final such visit, he was accompanied by the first recorded European visitors to the area. Akbar built fortifications around the Hari Parbat hill, and established a township called
Nagar Nagar there. He also built a shrine for
Hamza Makhdoom, a Sufi mystic of Kashmir's
Rishi order, on the southern slope of Hari Parbat which was later expanded several times. His successor
Jahangir was particularly fond of the Kashmir valley and frequently visited it. His rule brought prosperity to Srinagar, and several Mughal gardens were built in the city and around the Dal lake during his and his successor
Shah Jahan's reign, including the Shalimar and
Nishat Bagh. Empress
Nur Jahan built the
Pathar Mosque on the left bank of Jhelum river opposite the
Khānqāh-e-Moula in 1623, the mosque was however deemed unfit for worship soon after its construction and used instead for non-religious purposes.
Shah Jahan made Kashmir into a separate
Mughal Kashmir (province) with its administrative seat at Srinagar in 1638. The
Aali Masjid was built during the reign of
Aurangzeb (1658–1707), as was the Safa kadal bridge over the Jhelum. The
moi muqaddas, a relic believed to be the hair strand of prophet Muhammad's beard, also arrived in Kashmir during this time, and was housed in a Mughal palace at
Hazratbal, which became the
Hazratbal Shrine. A number of Europeans visited the city during the later Mughal period.
Afghan and Sikh rule
In 1753, Kashmir passed into the hands of the Afghan
Durrani Empire. The Afghans undertook reconstructions in Srinagar and built the palace at Shergarhi at the site of a pre-existing ancient palace, as well as the fort atop Hari Parbat. However, contemporary accounts describe the city as filthy and deteriorating, and it also saw worsening inter-community relations during Afghan rule, with repeated Hindu-Muslim and Shia-Sunni riots, and state persecution of Pandits. In 1819, the
Sikh Empire assumed control of Kashmir. Under them,
Srinagar, the old name of the city, was restored. The situation in the city did not improve much under Sikh rule, and the city remained in a state of decay. They also imposed several restrictions on Muslim religious expression, and closed the gates of the Jamia Mosque, which remained closed until 1843. A Shia-Sunni riot happened in the city in 1837.
Dogra rule
With the establishment of
Dogra dynasty following the 1846 Treaty of Amritsar, Srinagar became the capital of the
princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Taxes were increased and the production of silk, saffron, paper, tobacco, wine, and salt, as well as the sale of grain, became the monopoly of the state. It was a capital offence for a Muslim to kill a cow as late as the 1920s; later, the penalty was reduced to ten years of imprisonment and still later to seven years (Section 219 of Ranbir Penal Code).
[
]
target="_blank" rel="nofollow"> Dogra raj in Kashmir. FrontLine 8 November 2017.
The Dogras found Srinagar deteriorating, filthy and overcrowded. The city used to see several break-outs of
cholera, as well as earthquakes, floods, fires and famines. The famine of 1877–79 is said to have halved the city's population. Consequently, due to the famine and forced labour in the villages, a considerable number of people migrated to Srinagar.
The Darbar Move was introduced in 1872 by Ranbir Singh, whereby the capital moved to Jammu for six months during the winter
Srinagar emerged as the hub of political activity within the Kashmir valley during later Dogra rule. Kashmiris at large despised the Dogra rule and considered the dynasty an "alien rule". Many Muslim leaders competed for influence and control over Muslim shrines in the city through which they sought to become representatives of Kashmiri Muslims. Sheikh Abdullah, and his National Conference (NC), eventually succeeded in doing so.
Partition and Independence
In 1947, after the princely state's accession to India following an invasion of the state by Pakistani irregulars in the aftermath of the partition of India, Indian forces were airlifted to Srinagar on 27 October to defend the city and the larger Kashmir valley. The National Conference also established a popular people's militia in the city to aid the army in their defence of the territory.
Srinagar became the summer capital of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir when it was established in 1952.
In 1963–1964, the relic at the Hazratbal Shrine in Srinagar briefly disappeared, causing political turmoil. Following this, the shrine was reconstructed between 1968 and 1979 in a Mughal-inspired style.
In 1989, Srinagar became the focus of the insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir. The city saw increased violence against the minority Hindus—particularly the Kashmiri Pandits—during the insurgency which resulted in their ultimate exodus.
Geography
The city is located on both the sides of the
Jhelum River, called
Vyath in Kashmir. The river passes through the city and meanders through the valley, moving onward and deepening in the
Wular Lake. The city is known for its nine old bridges, connecting the two parts of the city.
There are a number of lakes and swamps in and around the city. These include the Dal Lake, the Nigeen Lake, the Anchar Lake, Khushal Sar, Gil Sar and Hokersar.
Hokersar is a wetland situated near Srinagar. Thousands of migratory birds come to Hokersar from Siberia and other regions in the winter season. Migratory birds from Siberia and Central Asia use wetlands in Kashmir as their transitory camps between September and October and again around spring. These wetlands play a vital role in sustaining a large population of wintering, staging and breeding birds.
Hokersar is north of Srinagar, and is a world class wetland spread over including lake and Marsh. It is the most accessible and well-known of Kashmir's wetlands which include Hygam, Shalibug and Mirgund. A record number of migratory birds have visited Hokersar in recent years.
Birds found in Hokersar are migratory and geese which include brahminy duck, tufted duck, gadwall, garganey, greylag goose, mallard, common merganser, northern pintail, common pochard, ferruginous pochard, red-crested pochard, ruddy shelduck, northern shoveller, common teal, and Eurasian wigeon.
Climate
Under the Köppen climate classification, Srinagar has a four-season humid subtropical climate (
Cfa) with moderately hot summers and cool winters. The valley is surrounded by the Himalayas on all sides. Due to influence from Himalayan
rain shadow and western disturbances, Srinagar has year-round precipitation; the spring season is the wettest while autumn is the driest. The region also has less rain from the southwest monsoon in the summer due to lying in the leeward side of the rain shadow which reduces these winds from the south. Winters are colder in the region than most areas with monsoon climates due to these influences and its elevation,
resulting in higher temperature variations similar to continental climates.
Moderate to heavy snowfall occurs in winter and the highway connecting Srinagar with the rest of India faces frequent blockades due to icy roads, landslides and avalanches. Daily maximum temperatures average in January and drop below freezing point at night. Summers are warm to hot, slightly moderated from its elevation, with a July daytime average of . The average annual rainfall is around . The highest temperature reliably recorded is recorded on 10 July 1946, and the lowest is recorded on 6 February 1895.
Srinagar has been ranked 43rd best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India.
Economy
In November 2011, the City Mayors Foundationan advocacy think tankannounced that Srinagar was the 92nd fastest growing urban areas in the world in terms of economic growth, based on actual data from 2006 onwards and projections to 2020.
[
]
Tourism
Srinagar is one of several places that have been called the "Venice of the East".
Lakes around the city include
for its
and
Nigeen Lake. Apart from Dal Lake and Nigeen Lake,
Wular Lake and
Manasbal Lake both lie to the north of Srinagar. Wular Lake is one of the largest fresh water lakes in Asia.
Srinagar has some Mughal gardens, forming a part of those laid by the Mughal emperors across the Indian subcontinent. Those of Srinagar and its close vicinity include Chashma Shahi (the royal fountains); Pari Mahal (the palace of the fairies); Nishat Bagh (the garden of spring); Shalimar Bagh; the Naseem Bagh.
Jawaharlal Nehru Memorial Botanical Garden is a botanical garden in the city, set up in 1969.
The Sher Garhi Palace houses administrative buildings from the state government.
The Shankaracharya Temple lies on a hill top in the middle of the city.
Places of Interest
In and Around Srinagar
File:Dal Lake In Mid Summer.jpg|Dal Lake in winter
File:Dal LakeVR.jpg| on Dal Lake
File:Srinagar floating market.jpg|Floating vegetable market on Dal Lake, the only of its kind in India
File:Chashme Shahi kashmir.jpg|Chashme Shahi Mughal Garden
File:Shalimar Bagh 1.jpg|Shalimar Bagh
File:Shalimar Bagh, Srinagar.jpg|Shalimar Mughal Garden
File:Hari Parbat Fort, Srinagar (5).jpg|Hari Parbat Fort
Near Srinagar
Government and politics
The city is run by the Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC) under the leadership of a Mayor. The Srinagar district along with the adjoining
Budgam and
Ganderbal districts forms the Srinagar Parliamentary seat.Established in 1886, Srinagar Municipal Corporation comprises 74 wards and stretches over 227.34 sqkm within boundaries from North up to Pandach-Nagbal, North-East up to Harwan Bridge, East up to Zawoora-Zaafraan Colony, South-East up to Mahjoor Nagar-Natipora, South up to Baagh-i-Mahtaab, South-West up to Hamdaaniyah Colony, West up to Sozieth-Lawaypora and North-West up to Mujgund-Abdullahpora. SMC is organized into two wings - The deliberative wing (Mayor) and the Executive wing (Commissioner). The last elections were held in 2018.
SMC is involved in Sanitation, Town Planning, Revenue, Birth and Death, Development and Grievances. SMC has been successful in its efforts of e-Governance, Collection and Disposal of Solid Waste, Beautification and Creation of Green Spaces and Improvement of Drainage Networks. The organization has, however, failed to prevent Dood Ganga Pollution for which the J&K Pollution Control Committee (JKPCC), on the direction of the National Green Tribunal (NGT), has imposed a penalty as Environmental Compensation of more than Rs 41.67 crores on Srinagar Municipal Corporation (SMC).
Stray dog controversy
Srinagar's city government attracted brief international attention in March 2008 when it announced a mass poisoning program aimed at eliminating the city's population of stray dogs.
Officials estimate that 100,000 stray dogs roam the streets of the city, which has a human population of just under 900,000. In a survey conducted by an NGO, it was found that some residents welcomed this program, saying the city was overrun by dogs, while critics contended that more humane methods should be used to deal with the animals.
The situation has become alarming with local news reports coming up at frequent intervals highlighting people, especially children being mauled by street dogs.
Demographics
As of 2011 census Srinagar urban agglomeration had a population of 1,264,202.
Both the city and the urban agglomeration has average literacy rate of approximately 70%.
[ Males constituted 53.0% and females 47% of the population. The sex ratio in the city area is 888 females per 1000 males, whereas in the urban agglomeration it is 880 per 1,000.]
The predominant religion of Srinagar is Islam with 96% of the population being Muslim. Hindus constitute the second largest religious group representing 2.75% of the population, nearly all migrant workers from outside Kashmir as most local Kashmiri Hindus fled the city in the 1990s.
At the time of the 2011 census, 95.14% spoke Kashmiri and 1.49% Hindi as their first language.
Transport
Road
The city is served by many highways, including National Highway 1A and National Highway 1D.
Air
Srinagar Airport has regular domestic flights to Leh, Jammu, Chandigarh, Delhi and Mumbai and occasional international flights. An expanded terminal capable of handling both domestic and international flights was inaugurated on 14 February 2009 with Air India Express flights to Dubai. Hajj flights also operate from this airport to Saudi Arabia.
Rail
Srinagar is a station on the long Banihal-Baramulla line that started in October 2009 and connects Baramulla to Srinagar, Anantnag and Qazigund. The railway track also connects to Banihal across the Pir Panjal mountains through a newly constructed 11 km long Banihal tunnel, and subsequently to the Indian railway network after a few years. It takes approximately 9 minutes and 30 seconds for a train to cross the tunnel. It is the longest rail tunnel in India. This railway system, proposed in 2001, is not expected to connect the Indian railway network until 2017 at the earliest, with a cost overrun of 55 billion INR.
There are proposals to develop a metro system in the city.
Cable car
In December 2013, the 594m cable car allowing people to travel to the shrine of the Sufi saint Hamza Makhdoom on Hari Parbat was unveiled. The project is run by the Jammu and Kashmir Cable Car Corporation (JKCCC), and has been envisioned for 25 years. An investment of 300 million INR was made, and it is the second cable car in Kashmir after the Gulmarg Gondola.
Boat
While popular since the 7th century, water transport is now mainly confined to Dal Lake, where (wooden boats) are used for local transport and tourism. There are efforts to revive transportation on the River Jhelum River.
Culture
Like the territory of Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar too has a distinctive blend of cultural heritage. Holy places in and around the city depict the historical cultural and religious diversity of the city as well as the Kashmir valley.
Places of worship
There are many religious holy places in Srinagar. They include:
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Hazratbal Shrine, only domed mosque in the city.
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Jama Masjid, Srinagar, one of the oldest mosques in Kashmir
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Khanqah-e-Moula, first Islamic centre in Kashmir
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Aali Masjid, in Eidgah Locality
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Hari Parbat hill hosts shrine of Sharika Mata temple
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Zeashta Devi Shrine a holy shrine for Kashmiri Pandits
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Shankaracharya temple
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Gurdwara Chatti Patshahi
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Pathar Masjid
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All Saints Church, Srinagar
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Holy Family Catholic Church (Srinagar)
Additional structures include the Dastgeer Sahib shrine, Mazar-e-Shuhada, Roza Bal shrine, Khanqah-e-Moula, Pathar Masjid ("The Stone Mosque"), Hamza Makhdoom shrine, tomb of the mother of Zain-ul-abidin, tomb of Pir Haji Muhammad, Akhun Mulla Shah Mosque, cemetery of Baha-ud-din Sahib, tomb and Madin Sahib Mosque at Zadibal.
The Sheikh Bagh Cemetery is a Christian cemetery located in Srinagar that dates from the British colonial era. The oldest grave in the cemetery is that of a British colonel from the 9th Lancers of 1850 and the cemetery is valued for the variety of persons buried there which provides an insight into the perils faced by British colonisers in India.[ Flood ravages Srinagar's British-era buildings. Noor-Ul-Qamrain, The Sunday Guardian, 27 September 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2017.] It contains a number of war graves.[ Karachi 1914–1918 War Memorial. Commonwealth War Graves Commission. Retrieved 9 October 2017.] The notable interments here are Robert Thorpe[ Grave of Kashmir's first known martryr lies beneath rubble after floods. Swati Bhasin, DNA of Srinagar, 10 October 2014. Retrieved 9 October 2017.] and Jim Borst.
File:Khanqah-e-Moula 01.jpg|Khanqah-e-Moula
File:Ancient Temple-Hari Parbat-2.JPG|Sharika Mata Temple
File:Pathar Masjid in Srinagar.jpg|Pathar Masjid
File:Gurdwara_Chatti_Patshahi_Srinagar.jpg|Gurdwara Chatti Patsahi
Performing arts
Kashmiri cuisine is an important part of Srinagar’s Culture. Here, both vegetarian and non-vegetarian dishes can be found. Wazwaan is a multi-course meal generally served at weddings. It is served on beautiful huge Copper plates called tream. Wazwaan is prepared by Male chefs.
Kahwa is a form of green tea and is made by boiling green tea leaves with local saffron, cinnamon, cardamom and Kashmiri roses.
Harissa is winter delicacy here generally eaten during chilai kalan ( a period of extreme cold ; 40 days from Dec 20 ).Garnished with two wazwaan delicacies along and topped with hot smoking mustard oil, this is the spicy slow cooked meat usually served with Kashmiri bread Tchot. It is prepared for hours usually overnight and generally eaten in the early cold winter.
Education
Srinagar is home to various premiere Higher Education Institutes including the University of Kashmir, the Cluster University of Srinagar, Central University of Kashmir besides the National Institute of Technology Srinagar formerly known as Regional Engineering College (REC Srinagar). Most of these are among the oldest and earliest Institutions of the country including the University of Kashmir dating back to 1948 while the National Institute of Technology Srinagar was established during the second Five year plan. The educational institutions in the City include:
Schools
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Tyndale Biscoe School
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Presentation Convent Higher Secondary School
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Burn Hall School
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Khalsa High School, Srinagar
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Mallinson Girls School
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Delhi Public School, Srinagar
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Woodlands House School
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Little Angels High School, Srinagar
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Green Valley Educational Institute
Medical colleges
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Government Medical College, Srinagar
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SMHS Hospital
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Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Universities
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University of Kashmir
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Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir
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Central University of Kashmir
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Cluster University of Srinagar
General degree colleges
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Amar Singh College
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Sri Pratap College
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Islamia College of Science and Commerce, Srinagar
Broadcasting
Srinagar is broadcasting hub for radio channels in UT which are Radio Mirchi 98.3FM,
Sports
The city is home to the Sher-i-Kashmir Stadium, where international cricket matches have been played.
Notable people
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Agha Shahid Ali (1949–2001)
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Bakshi Abdur Rashid (1923–1977)
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Joanna Lumley (1946–present)
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Mohammad Subhan Hajam (1910–1962), Kashmiri barber, social activist
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Reshma (1951/1952–2022), singer and transgender activist
See also
Bibliography
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Hewson, Eileen. (2008) Graveyards in Kashmir India. Wem, England: Kabristan Archives.
External links
