Spirorchiidae is a family of Digenea Trematoda. Infestation by these trematodes leads to the disease spirorchiidiosis. Spirorchiids are mainly parasites of .[Snyder, S. D. (2004). Phylogeny and paraphyly among tetrapod blood flukes (Digenea: Schistosomatidae and Spirorchiidae). International Journal for Parasitology 34(12), 1385-92.][ ] It has been synonymised with Proparorchiidae Ward, 1921, Spirorchidae Stunkard, 1921, and Spirorchiidae MacCallum, 1921.
Genera
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Amphiorchis Price, 1934
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Baracktrema Roberts, Platt & Bullard in Roberts, Platt, Orélis-Ribeiro & Bullard, 2016
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Cardiotrema Dwivedi, 1967
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Carettacola Manter & Larson, 1950
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Cheloneotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
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Coeuritrema Mehra, 1933
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Enterohaematotrema Mehra, 1940
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Hapalorhynchus Stunkard, 1922
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Hapalotrema Looss, 1899
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Learedius Price, 1934
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Monticellius Mehra, 1939
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Neocaballerotrema Simha, 1977
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Neospirorchis Price, 1934
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Plasmiorchis Mehra, 1934
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Platt Roberts & Bullard in Roberts, Arias, Halanych, Dang & Bullard, 2018
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Satyanarayanotrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
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Shobanatrema Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1980
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Spirhapalum Ejsmont, 1927
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Spirorchis MacCallum, 1919
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Unicaecum Stunkard, 1925
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Uterotrema Platt & Pichelin, 1994
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Vasotrema Stunkard, 1928
Hosts
Freshwater spirorchiids have been reported to infect the freshwater snails
Helisoma trivolvis, Helisoma anceps, Physa sp., Menetus dilatatus, Ferrissia fragilis, Biomphalaria occide, Biomphalaria sudanica, Biomphalaria glabrata, Biomphalaria tenagophila, Pomacea sp. and
indoplanorbis as intermediate hosts.
[.] Marine species have been reported to infect
Vermetidae gastropods belonging to the genera
Thylacodes,
Thylaeodus, and
Dendropoma, and
Terebellidae polychaetes belonging to the genera
Amphitrite and
Enoplobranchus as intermediate hosts.
The cardiovascular parasites Learedius learedi, Hapalotrema postorchis, Monticellius indicum and Amphiorchis solus have been found in the green sea turtle ( Chelonia mydas).[.]
Spirhapalum siamensis is a parasite found in the heart of the Amboina box turtle ( Cuora amboinensis).[.]
